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4,4'-METHYLENE BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)

Chemical Identification
CAS #	101-14-4
Formula	C₁₃H₁₂Cl₂N₂
Synonyms	DACPM; 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane; MBOCA; 4,4'-methylenebis(o-chloro aniline); 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chlorobenzenamine); MOCA

Physical Properties
Physical description	Tan-colored pellets or flakes with a faint, amine-like odor.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	267.2
Freezing point/melting point	210-225°F	Vapor pressure	0.00001 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point		Vapor density	`
Specific gravity	1.44	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2650
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1.0 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA 71 (fully validated)
Notes	Within 10 hours after sampling, transfer filter to glass vial containing 2 mL deionized water.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]. Place wipe sample into a glass vial containing 2 mL of 0.01 N sulfuric acid.
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.003 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.01 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor) [1991]	PEL-TWA	0.01 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline). See annual publication for most recent information.
Chen, T.H., Kuslikis, B.I. and Braselton, W.E., Jr.: Unlabeled hemoglobin adducts of 4,4';-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) in rats and guinea pigs. Arch. Toxicol. 65(3): 177-185, 1991.
Cocker, J., Boobie, A.R., Wilson, H.K. and Gompertz, D.: Evidence that a beta-N-glucuronide of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) is a major urinary metabolite in man: implications for biological monitoring. Br. J. Ind. Med. 47(3): 154-161, 1990.
Ichikawa, Y., Yoshida, M., Okayama, A., Hara, I. and Morimoto, K.: Biological monitoring for workers exposed to 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline). Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 51(1): 5-7, 1990.
Liu, C.-S., et al.: Occupational bladder cancer in a 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA)-exposed worker. Environ. Health Perspec. 113(6): 771-774, 2005.
No Author: 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-Chloroaniline) (CAS No. 101-14-4). Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2011.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-Chloroaniline). In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1553-1556.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

NITROGEN DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	10102-44-0
Formula	NO₂
Synonyms	diesel exhaust component, dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄), NO₂, nitrogen peroxide, nitrogen tetroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellowish-brown liquid or reddish-brown gas (above 70°F) with a pungent, acrid odor.
Boiling point	70°F	Molecular weight	46
Freezing point/melting point	15°F	Vapor pressure	720 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	2.62
Specific gravity	1.44 (liquid at 68°F)	Ionization potential	9.75 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1903
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2-section tube packed with a 400 mg TEA-IMS front and a 200 mg back-up section [SKC 226-40-02]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-182 (fully validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Nitrogen dioxide, 0.5-25 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	1 ppm (1.8 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	1 ppm (1.8 mg/m³)
PEL-C	5 ppm (9 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	13 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 1 ppm/15 ppm/30 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nitrogen dioxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nitrogen Dioxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Nitrogen Dioxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Douglas, W.W., Hepper, N.G., and Colby, T.V.: Silo-filler's disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 64(3): 291-304, 1989.
Frampton, M.W., Boscia, J., Roberts, N.J. Jr., Azadniv, M., Torres, A., Cox, C., Morrow, P.E., Nichols, J., Chalupa, D., Frasier, L.M., Gibb, F.R., Speers, D.M., Tsai, Y., Utell, M.J.: Nitrogen dioxide exposure: effects on airway and blood cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 282(1):L155-65, Jan 2002.
Helleday, R., Huberman, D., Blomberg, A., Stjernberg, N., Sandstrom, T.: Nitrogen dioxide exposure impairs the frequency of the mucociliary activity. Eur Respir J. 8(10):1664-8, Oct 1995.
Linaker, C.H., Coggon, D., Holgate, S.T., Clough, J., Josephs, L., Chauhan, A.J., Inskip, H.M.: Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and risk of airflow obstruction in asthmatic children with upper respiratory infection. Thorax. 55(11):930-3, Nov 2000.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Oxides of Nitrogen (Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric Oxide). 1976.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Nitrogen Dioxide. 1978.
Pathmanathan, S., Krishna, M.T., Blomberg, A., Helleday, R., Kelly, F.J., Sandstrom, T., Holgate, S.T., Wilson, S.J., Frew, A.J.: Repeated daily exposure to 2 ppm nitrogen dioxide upregulates the expression of IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and ICAM-1 in the bronchial epithelium of healthy human airways. Occup Environ Med. 60(11):892-6, Nov 2003.
Roger, L.J., Horstman, D.H., McDonnell, W., Kehrl, H., Ives, P.J., Seal, E., Chapman, R., Massaro, E.: Pulmonary function, airway responsiveness, and respiratory symptoms in asthmatics following exercise in NO2. Toxicol Ind Health. 6(1):155-71, Jan 1990.

Last Updated Date : 04/15/2025

NITRIC OXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	10102-43-9
Formula	NO
Synonyms	mononitrogen monoxide; nitrogen monoxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas.
Boiling point	-241°F	Molecular weight	30.01
Freezing point/melting point	-263°F	Vapor pressure	34.2 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.04
Specific gravity	1.27 at -238.36°	Ionization potential	9.27 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1890	1890
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Dräger X-am 5600 Multi-Gas Detector with a Dräger XXS NO electrochemical sensor	Sorbent tubes, 2 molecular sieve (triethanolamine) tubes and 1 oxidizer tube [SKC 226-40A]
Sampling time^*	Up to 16 hours due to monitor datalogger capacity	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*		6 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*		0.025 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments		IC
Method reference	OSHA 1029 (fully validated)	OSHA ID-190 (fully validated)
Notes		Submit as separate sample. Only the back tube can be analyzed for NO. The front is analyzed for NO₂ by request. Carefully label tubes before shipping to the SLTC. Do not submit oxidizer tube to the SLTC.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	25 ppm (30 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	25 ppm (30 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	25 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	25 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nitric oxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nitric oxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Nitric oxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Barbinova, L. and Baur, X.: Increase in exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) after work-related isocyanate exposure. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 79(5): 387-395, 2006.
Baur, X. and Barbinova, L.: Latex allergen exposure increases exhaled nitric oxide in symptomatic healthcare workers. Eur. Respir. J. 25(2): 309-316, 2005.
Clark, R.H., et al.: Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(7): 469-474, 2000.
Griffiths, M.J.D. and Evans, T.W.: Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(25): 2683-2695, 2005.
Maniscalco, M., Grieco, L., Galdi, A., Lundberg, J.O. and Sofia, M.: Increase in exhaled nitric oxide in shoe and leather workers at the end of the work-shift. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 54(6): 404-407, 2004.
Morishita, T., et al.: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice lacking all nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102(30): 10616-10621, 2005.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Nitrogen Dioxide. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1691-1694.
Zeidler, P.C. and Castranova, V: Role of nitric oxide in pathological responses of the lung to exposure to environmental/occupational agents. Redox. Rep. 9(1): 7-18, 2004.

Last Updated Date : 02/13/2026

PHENYLHYDRAZINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-63-0
Formula	C₆H₈N₂
Synonyms	hydrazinobenzene; monophenylhydrazine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 67°F) with a faint, aromatic odor.
Boiling point	470°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	108.16
Freezing point/melting point	67°F	Vapor pressure	0.04 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	190°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.1	Ionization potential	7.64 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2060
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Glass midget bubbler with 15 mL 0.1M hydrochloric acid
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	25-120 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	VIS
Method reference	NIOSH 3518 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	3.4 ppm@8.5 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (22 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1998]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	10 ppm (45 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C	0.14 ppm (0.6 mg/m³) [120 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	15 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phenylhydrazine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phenylhydrazine

Literature References

- ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phenylhydrazine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

MONOMETHYL ANILINE (N-METHYLANILINE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-61-8
Formula	C₇H₉N
Synonyms	MA; (methylamino)benzene; N-methyl aniline; methylphenylamine; N-phenylmethylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow to light-brown liquid with a weak, ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	385.3°F	Molecular weight	107.16
Freezing point/melting point	-71°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg at 106°F
Flash point	175°F	Vapor density	3.9
Specific gravity	0.989	Ionization potential	7.32 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1972
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing 10 mL Sulfuric Acid (0.05 M) [Infrequently Requested Method - OSHA staff please contact SLTC before sampling 801-233-5100]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	11-100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 3511 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Gastec 181	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	2.5-45 ppm	1.9 ppm@9.4 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 ppm (9 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.5 ppm (2 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (2 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Methylaniline

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Monomethyl aniline

Literature References

- ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - N-Methyl aniline. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

CHLORINE DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	10049-04-4
Formula	ClO₂
Synonyms	chlorine oxide; chlorine peroxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow to red gas or a red-brown liquid (below 52°F) with an unpleasant odor similar to chlorine and nitric acid.
Boiling point	52°F	Molecular weight	67.5
Freezing point/melting point	-74°F	Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	2.33
Specific gravity	1.6 (liquid at 32°F)	Ionization potential	10.36 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0614
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing 15 mL of 0.02% potassium iodide in a buffer mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate (1.5 mM of each) - Chlorine Dioxide Sampling Solution [SLTC111SOL]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	120 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.5 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-202 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements	These media are prepared by SLTC as needed and are not available for immediate shipment. Please allow time for SLTC to prepare these media prior to sampling.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 8LA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-116	Dräger - CH24301
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.33-16 ppm range	1-20 ppm range	0.1-1.5 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/0.5 ppm/3 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chlorine dioxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlorine dioxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlorine dioxide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/26/2024

BENZYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-44-7
Formula	C₇H₇Cl
Synonyms	chloromethylbenzene; α-chlorotoluene; benzylchloride anhydrous; benzylchloride, stabilized

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent, aromatic odor.
Boiling point	354°F	Molecular weight	126.6
Freezing point/melting point	-38°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg
Flash point	153°F	Vapor density	4.4
Specific gravity	1.1	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0340
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	10 L
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Gastec 132L	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-25 ppm range	2.5 ppm@9.4 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.03 ppm (0.16 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	1 ppm [15 minute]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	10 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, TLV-A3, EPA-B2		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 1 ppm/10 ppm/50 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Benzyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Benzyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Benzyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/02/2024

STYRENE (VINYL BENZENE; PHENYLETHYLENE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-42-5
Formula	C₈H₈
Synonyms	ethenyl benzene; phylethylen; styrene monomer; styrene monomer inhibited; styrol; vinyl benzene; cinnamene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow, oily liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Boiling point	293°F	Molecular weight	104.2
Freezing point/melting point	-23°F	Vapor pressure	5 mmHg
Flash point	88°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.91	Ionization potential	8.40 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	6.8%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2280	2280
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) coated with 10% t-butylcatechol [SKC 226-73]	SKC 575-006 Passive Sampler [SKC 575-006]
Sampling time^*	240 min	240 min TWA; 15 min C
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 89 (fully validated)	OSHA 1014 (fully validated)
Notes		To obtain sampling and analytical error similar to that available with active sampling, knowledge of the atmospheric pressure and temperature are required, and these should be obtained using NIST-traceable devices. If that is not possible, temperature is assumed to be 22.2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is estimated based on the elevation of the sampling location. When estimates are used in place of traceable measurements the sampling and analytical error associated with passive sampling is substantially increased, and this makes it more difficult to demonstrate overexposures after considering the 95% lower confidence limit.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector Tube	Detector Tube	Detector Tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Dräger - Styrene 10/a, 6723301	Dräger - Styrene 10/a, 6733141	Dräger - Styrene 50/a, CH27601	Gastec 124, 124 L	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-158S	Styrene, 2-40 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	2 to 15 strokes, approx 5-200 ppm range, uncertainty approx 33%	20 strokes, approx 5-250 ppm range, uncertainty approx 33%	2 to 11 strokes, approx 25-400 ppm range, uncertainty approx 33%	0.5 to 2 strokes (124), 1 or 4 strokes (124L); 1-1500 ppm range (124), 0.5-100 ppm range (124L); 25% for 20 to 100 ppm, 16% for 100 to 500 ppm (124), 16% for 2 to 5 ppm, 8% for 5 to 25 ppm (124L)	1 or 2 strokes, approx 1-300 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm	REL-TWA	50 ppm (215 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm [2020]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (215 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	100 ppm (425 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	20 ppm [2020]	PEL-STEL	100 ppm (425 mg/m³)
PEL-C	200 ppm; 600 ppm (Peak) for a single time period up to 5 min in any 3 hours	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	500 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2. OSHA Construction PEL is C-100 ppm (420 mg/m³) and OSHA Maritime PEL is 100 ppm (420 mg/m³) as an 8 hr TWA. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®, OTO (ototoxicant)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	700 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 50 ppm/250 ppm/1000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Styrene monomer, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Styrene

Literature References

EPA: Hazard Summary - Styrene.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Styrene, monomer. See annual publication for most recent information.
ANSI: American National Standard Acceptable Concentrations of Styrene. September 5, 1969.
EPA IRIS Styrene, 1993
IARC Monograph for Classification of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans, Volume 82, Styrene, 2002
Manini, P. et al.: Assessment of biotransformation of the arene moiety of styrene in volunteers and occupationally exposed workers. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 189(3): 160-169, 2003.
Morata, T.C. et al.: Audiometric findings in workers exposed to low levels of styrene and noise. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 44(9): 806-814, 2002.
Mutti, A., A. Mazzucchi, P. Rusticelli, G. Frigeri, G. Arfini, and I. Franchini. 1984. Exposure-effect and exposure-response relationships between occupational exposure to styrene and neuropsychological functions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 5: 275-286.
NTP Report on Carcinogens Styrene
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Styrene. 1983.
Zamyslowska-Szmytke E. et al.: Temporal processing disorder associated with styrene exposure. Audiol Neurootol. 14(5):296-302, 2009.

Last Updated Date : 05/18/2022

ETHYL BENZENE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-41-4
Formula	C₈H₁₀
Synonyms	ethylbenzol; phenylethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point	277°F	Molecular weight	106.2
Freezing point/melting point	-139°F	Vapor pressure	7 mmHg
Flash point	55°F	Vapor density	3.66
Specific gravity	0.87	Ionization potential	8.76 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	6.7%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1080	1080
Sampling group	OVSG-1
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]	SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler [SKC 575-002]
Sampling time^*	240 min	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5000 (fully validated)	OSHA 1002 (fully validated)
Notes		To obtain sampling and analytical error similar to that available with active sampling, knowledge of the atmospheric pressure and temperature are required, and these should be obtained using NIST-traceable devices. If that is not possible, temperature is assumed to be 22.2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is estimated based on the elevation of the sampling location. When estimates are used in place of traceable measurements the sampling and analytical error associated with passive sampling is substantially increased, and this makes it more difficult to demonstrate overexposures after considering the 95% lower confidence limit.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Dräger	Matheson-Kitagawa
Model/Type	Gastec 122, 122L, 122DL	Ethyl Benzene 30/a, 6728381	8014-179S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	See mfr instructions	6 strokes; approx 10-400 ppm range; uncertainty 16%	Follow mfr instructions

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (435 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	100 ppm (435 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	20 ppm [2021]	PEL-TWA	100 ppm (435 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	125 ppm (545 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	125 ppm (545 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®, OTO (ototoxicant)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	800 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, TLV-A3, EPA-D		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylbenzene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl benzene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl benzene. See annual publication for most recent information.
Andrew, F.D., R.L. Buschbom, W.C. Cannon, R.A. Miller, L.F. Montgomery, D.W. Phelps, et al. 1981. Teratologic assessment of ethylbenzene and 2- ethoxyethanol. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA. PB 83- 208074., 108.
ATSDR Toxicological Profile Ethyl Benzene, 2010.
Hardin, B.D., G.P. Bond, M.R. Sikov, F.D. Andrew, R.P. Beliles and R.W. Niemeier. 1981. Testing of selected workplace chemicals for teratogenic potential. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 7(suppl 4): 66-75. EPA IRIS Ethyl Benzene, 1991
IARC Monographs on Carcinogenicity Volume 77 Ethyl Benzene, 1999.
National Toxicology Program Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies & Ethyl Benzene (inhalation studies), 1999.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Ethyl Benzene. September 1978.

Last Updated Date : 04/14/2021

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
CSC Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh), [SKC 226-01]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Isobutyl Acetate	1534	No
n-Butyl Acetate	0440	No
sec-Butyl Acetate	0441	No
tert-Butyl Acetate	0442	No
Toluene**	2460	No
Ethyl Benzene	1080	No
Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene)**	2020	No
Trichloroethylene**	2490	No
Xylene	2590	No
Trimethylbenzene	2505	No
Benzene***	0320	No
Ethyl Acetate****	1040	No
n-Propyl Acetate‡	2180	No
Pentane‡‡	1990	No
Cyclohexane‡‡‡	0810	No
Heptane*	1371	No
n-Hexane‡‡‡‡	1380	No
Nonane*	N807	No
Octane*	1957	No

Notes

Request any (up to three (3)) of these analytes together.

Alternatively request IMIS Code Q115 and SLTC will report any significant amounts of these analytes.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

Toluene, sec-Butyl Acetate, Benzene and Isobutyl Alcohol all have/are known interferences. Please indicate on the 91A which of these compounds are known to be present.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*80 min (4L)

**Peak sampling 1 min (0.05 L) and Ceiling sampling 5 min (0.25 L)

***STEL sampling 15 min (0.75 L)

****120 min (6 L)

‡200 min (10 L)

‡‡45 min (2.25 L)

‡‡‡190 min (9.5 L)

‡‡‡‡98 min (4.9 L)

4-VINYL CYCLOHEXENE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-40-3
Formula	C₈H₁₂
Synonyms	vinylcyclohexene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid.
Boiling point	259-261°F	Molecular weight	108.19
Freezing point/melting point	-150°F	Vapor pressure	15 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	60°F	Vapor density	3.76
Specific gravity	0.83	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	5.9%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1994]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vinylcyclohexene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinylcyclohexene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 4-Vinyl cyclohexene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

4,4'-METHYLENE BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NITROGEN DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NITRIC OXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PHENYLHYDRAZINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

MONOMETHYL ANILINE (N-METHYLANILINE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLORINE DIOXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

BENZYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

STYRENE (VINYL BENZENE; PHENYLETHYLENE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL BENZENE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

4-VINYL CYCLOHEXENE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References