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ALLYL GLYCIDYL ETHER (AGE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-92-3
Formula	C₆H₁₀O₂
Synonyms	AGE; 1-allyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane; glycidyl allyl ether; [(2-propenyloxy)methyl] oxirane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Boiling point	309°F	Molecular weight	114.2
Freezing point/melting point	-148°F [forms glass]	Vapor pressure	2 mmHg
Flash point	135°F	Vapor density	3.94
Specific gravity	0.97	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0145
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tenax® GC tube (100/50 mg) [Supelco 20832-U]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1.5-8 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2545 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	5 ppm (22 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.2 ppm (0.93 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	10 ppm (44 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	10 ppm (45 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Allyl glycidyl ether

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Allyl glycidyl ether

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Allyl glycidyl ether. See annual publication for most recent information.
Dooms-Goossens, A., Bruze, M., Buysse, L., Fregert, S., Gruvberger, B. and Stals, H.: Contact allergy to allyl glycidyl ether present as an impurity in 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, a fixing additive in silicone and polyurethane resins. Contact Dermatitis 33(1): 17-19, 1995.
National Toxicology Program: NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Allyl Glycidyl Ether (CAS No. 106-92-3) in Osborne-Mendel Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalational Studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. 376: 1-219, 1990.
Pérez, H.L. and Osterman-Golkar, S.: Biotransformation of the double bond in allyl glycidyl ether to an epoxide ring. Evidence from hemoglobin adducts in mice. Chem. Biol. Interact. 125(1): 17-28, 2000.
Pina, K. and Segerbäch, D.: 32P-Postlabeling of DNA adducts formed by allyl glycidyl ether in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 18(8): 1457-1462, 1997.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Allyl Glycidyl Ether. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 101-103.

Last Updated Date : 03/27/2024

EPICHLOROHYDRIN (1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-89-8
Formula	C₃H₅ClO
Synonyms	2-chloropropylene oxide; β-chloropropylene oxide; 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a slightly irritating, chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	242°F	Molecular weight	92.5
Freezing point/melting point	-54°F	Vapor pressure	13 mmHg
Flash point	93°F	Vapor density	3.29
Specific gravity	1.18	Ionization potential	10.60 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	21%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0645
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-30 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1010 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (19 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.19 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 2.5 mg/m3). See Appendix A.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	75 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 5 ppm/20 ppm/100 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Epichlorohydrin

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Epichlorohydrin. See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Epichlorohydrin (CASRN 106-89-8).
De Rooij, B.M., Commandeur, J.N., Ramcharan, J.R., Schuilenburg, H.C., Van Baar, B.L. and Vermeulen, N.P.: Identification and quantitative determination of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid and ⍺-chlorohydrin in urine of rats treated with epichlorohydrin. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Appl. 685(2): 241-250, 1996.
Hindsø Landin, H., Grummt, T. Laurent, C. and Tates, A.: Monitoring of occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin by genetic effects and hemoglobin adducts. Mutat. Res. 381(2): 217-226, 1997.
Luo, J.-C., Cheng, T.-J., Kuo, H.-W. and Chang, M.J.W.: Decreased lung function associated with occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin and the modification effects of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46(3): 280-286, 2004.
Mazzullo, M., Colacci, A., Grilli, S., Prodi, G. and Arfellini, G.: In vivo and in vitro binding of epichlorohydrin to nucleic acids. Cancer Lett. 23(1): 81-90, 1984.
No Author: Epichlorohydrin. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Epichlorohydrin. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1015-1017.

Last Updated Date : 05/01/2024

VINYL CYCLOHEXENE DIOXIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-87-6
Formula	C₈H₁₂O₂
Synonyms	1-epoxyethyl-3,4-epoxy-cyclohexane; 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide; 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide; 7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0) heptane, 3-(epoxyethyl)-; 1,2-epoxy-4-(epoxyethyl)cyclohexane; 1-epoxyethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane; vinyl cyclohexene diepoxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid.
Boiling point	441°F	Molecular weight	140.2
Freezing point/melting point	<-67°F	Vapor pressure	0.1 mmHg
Flash point	230°F (open cup)	Vapor density	4.07
Specific gravity	1.099	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2581
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (80/40 mg) [SKC 226-30]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2083 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	10 ppm (60 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1994]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.57 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Vinyl-3-cyclohexene dioxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-50-3
Formula	C₆H₈N₂
Synonyms

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to slightly red, crystalline solid.
Boiling point	513°F	Molecular weight	108.15
Freezing point/melting point	295°F	Vapor pressure	<1 mmHg
Flash point	312°F	Vapor density	3.72
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	6.89 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2042
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 87 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705].
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	25 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4, IARC-3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - P-Phenylenediamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Phenylene diamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - p-Phenylenediamine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 05/19/2026

P-TOLUIDINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-49-0
Formula	C₇H₉N
Synonyms	4-aminotoluene; 4-methylaniline; 4-methylbenzenamine; 4-toluidine; tolylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	White solid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point	393°F	Molecular weight	107.2
Freezing point/melting point	112°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg@108°F
Flash point	188°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.05	Ionization potential	7.50 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	6.6%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	T105
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA 73 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	2 ppm [1984]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (9 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.15 ppm). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - P-Toluidine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Toluidine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - p-Toluidine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/11/2021

P-CHLOROANILINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-47-8
Formula	C₆H₆ClN
Synonyms	p-aminochlorobenzene; 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene; 4-chloroaniline; p-chlorobenzenamine; 4-chlorobenazmine

Physical Properties
Physical description	A white or pale yellow solid.
Boiling point	450°F	Molecular weight	127.57
Freezing point/melting point	162.5°F	Vapor pressure	0.015 mmHg
Flash point	235°F	Vapor density	4.41
Specific gravity	1.43 at 66.2°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	C138
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Silica gel tube (150/75 mg) [SKC 226-10]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	6 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA PV2109 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - P-Chloroaniline

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - P-Chloroaniline

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

P-DICHLOROBENZENE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-46-7
Formula	C₆H₄Cl₂
Synonyms	p-DCB; 1,4-DCB; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; Dichlorocide; Paracide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless or white crystalline solid with a mothball-like odor.
Boiling point	345°F	Molecular weight	147.0
Freezing point/melting point	128°F	Vapor pressure	1.3 mmHg
Flash point	150°F	Vapor density	5.08
Specific gravity	1.458	Ionization potential	8.98 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0868
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-8 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	75 ppm (450 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (60 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	110 ppm (675 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	200 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 1.7 ppm). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	150 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - P-Dichlorobenzene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Dichlorobenzene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - p-Dichlorobenzene. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bogaards, J.J.P., van Ommen., B., Wolf, C.R. and van Bladeren, P.J.: Human cytochrome P450 enzyme selectivities in the oxidation of chlorinated benzenes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 132(1): 44-52, 1995.
Miyai, I., Hirono, N., Fujita, M. and Kameyama, M.: Reversible ataxia following chronic exposure to paradichlorobenzene. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 51(3): 453-454, 1988.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dichlorobenzenes. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 799-804.
Rosas Vazques, E., Campos Macias, P., Ochoa Tirado, J.G., Garcia Solana, C., Casanova, A. and Palomino Moncada, J.F.: Chloracne in the 1990s. Int. J. Dermatol. 35(9): 643-645, 1996.
Yoshida, T., et al.: Inhalation toxicokinetics of p-dichlorobenzene and daily absorption and internal accumulation in chronic low-level exposure to humans. Arch. Toxicol. 76(5-6): 306-315, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

P-XYLENE-⍺,⍺'-DIAMINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	539-48-0
Formula	C₈H₁₂N₂
Synonyms	p-xylylenediamine; methylamine, p-phenylene bis-; p-phenylene-bis-(methylamine); 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)benzene; xylenediamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point	446°F	Molecular weight	136.19
Freezing point/melting point	143°F	Vapor pressure	9 mmHg
Flash point	81°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	R221
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 105 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Not listed

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 01/11/2021

ETHYL BUTYL KETONE (3-HEPTANONE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-35-4
Formula	CH₃CH₂CO[CH₂]₃CH₃
Synonyms	butyl ethyl ketone; 3-heptanone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a fruity odor.
Boiling point	298°F	Molecular weight	114.2
Freezing point/melting point	-38°F	Vapor pressure	4 mmHg
Flash point	115°F (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.82	Ionization potential	9.02 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1100
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-25 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1301 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	50 ppm (230 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	50 ppm (230 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1995]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (230 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	75 ppm [1995]	PEL-STEL	75 ppm (345 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl butyl ketone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl butyl ketone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl Butyl Ketone. See annual publication for most recent information.
California Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board: Initial [64 KB PDF, 12 pages] and Final [76 KB PDF, 13 pages] Statement of Reasons. November 3, 2004.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Ethyl Butyl Ketone. In Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, pp. 1062-1064, 2002.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Ethyl Butyl Ketone. September 1978.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

BENZYL ALCOHOL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	100-51-6
Formula	C₇H₈O
Synonyms	benzenecarbinol; benzenemethanol; benzoyl alcohol; phenylcarbinol; phenylmethanol; α-hydroxytoluene

Physical Properties
Physical description	A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Boiling point	401°F	Molecular weight	108.13
Freezing point/melting point	4.5°F	Vapor pressure	0.1 mmHg@68°F
Flash point	213°F	Vapor density	3.72
Specific gravity	1.05	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.3%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	13%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0337
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-7 tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-95]
Sampling time^*	120 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2009 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Benzyl alcohol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Benzyl alcohol

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 12/17/2020

ALLYL GLYCIDYL ETHER (AGE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

EPICHLOROHYDRIN (1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

VINYL CYCLOHEXENE DIOXIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

P-TOLUIDINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

P-CHLOROANILINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

P-DICHLOROBENZENE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

P-XYLENE-⍺,⍺'-DIAMINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL BUTYL KETONE (3-HEPTANONE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

BENZYL ALCOHOL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References