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ALLYL ALCOHOL†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-18-6
Formula	C₃H₆O
Synonyms	AA; allylic alcohol; propenol; 1-propen-3-ol; 2-propenol; vinyl carbinol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pungent, mustard-like odor.
Boiling point	205°F	Molecular weight	58.1
Freezing point/melting point	-200°F	Vapor pressure	17 mmHg
Flash point	70°F	Vapor density	2
Specific gravity	0.85	Ionization potential	9.63 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	18.0%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0130	0130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	200 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*		3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*		0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2140 (partially validated)	NIOSH 1402 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (1.25 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	4 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	4 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	20 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Allyl alcohol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Allyl alcohol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Allyl alcohol. See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Allyl alcohol (CASRN 107-18-6).
Irwin, R.D.: NTP Technical Report on the comparative toxicity studies of allyl acetate (CAS No. 591-87-7), allyl alcohol (CAS No. 107-18-6) and acrolein (CAS No. 107-02-8) administered by gavage to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Toxic. Rep. Ser. (48): 1-73, A1-H10, 2006.
Jaeschke, H., Kleinwaechter, C. and Wendel, A.: The role of acrolein in allyl alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver cell damage in mice. Biochem. Pharmacol. 36(1): 51-57, 1987.
Nielsen, G.D., Bakbo, J.C. and Holst, E.: Sensory irritation and pulmonary irritation by airborne, allyl acetate, allyl alcohol, and allyl ether compared to acrolein. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) 54(4): 292-298, 1984.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Allyl Alcohol. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 92-94.
Toennes, S.W., Schmidt, K., Fandiño, A.S. and Kauert, G.F.: A fatal human intoxication with herbicide allyl alcohol (2-propen-1-ol). J. Anal. Toxicol. 26(1): 55-57, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 03/26/2024

ETHYLENEDIAMINE (1,2-DIAMINOETHANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-15-3
Formula	C₂H₈N₂
Synonyms	1,2-diaminoethane; 1,2-ethanediamine; ethylenediamine (anhydrous)

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, viscous liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	241°F	Molecular weight	60.1
Freezing point/melting point	47°F	Vapor pressure	11 mmHg
Flash point	93°F	Vapor density	2.07
Specific gravity	0.91	Ionization potential	8.60 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	4.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	14.4%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction	0
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (80/40) coated with 10% 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (NITC) [SKC 226-30-18]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 60 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4, EPA-D		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylenediamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethylenediamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethylenediamine. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Ethylene diamine (CASRN 107-15-3).
Leung, H.-W.: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ethylenediamine in the Swiss Webster mouse following oral or intravenous dosing. Toxicol. Lett. 117(1-2): 107-114, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Ethylenediamine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1079-1081.
Sasseville, D. and al-Khenaisan, S.: Occupational contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine in a wire-drawing lubricant. Contact Dermatitis 36(4): 228-229, 1997.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

ACRYLONITRILE (VINYL CYANIDE)‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-13-1
Formula	C₃H₃N
Synonyms	acrylonitrile inhibited; acrylonitrile monomer; AN; cyanoethylene; propenenitrile; 2-propenenitrile; VCN; vinyl cyanide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an unpleasant odor.
Boiling point	171°F	Molecular weight	53.1
Freezing point/melting point	-116°F	Vapor pressure	83 mmHg
Flash point	30°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.81	Ionization potential	10.91 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	17%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0120
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	20 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-NPD
Method reference	OSHA 37 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector Tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Acrylonitrile 5/b, CH26901	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-128SC	Gastec 191L
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	3 strokes, 1-30 ppm range, uncertainty 25%	follow mfr instructions, approx 1-120 ppm range	1-4 strokes, 0.05-18 ppm range, uncertainty 16.4% for 0.25-1 ppm, 8.2% for 1-6 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 ppm [1 ppm Action Level]	REL-TWA	1 ppm	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	2 ppm (4.5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	10 ppm [15 minute]	REL-C	10 ppm [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1045, Acrylonitrile.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: See Acrylonitrile, Appendix B.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	85 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-B1, IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 10 ppm/35 ppm/75 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acrylonitrile, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acrylonitrile

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acrylonitrile. See annual publication for most recent information.
(low grade anemia, leukocytosis, kidney irritation, and mild jaundice) Cohrssen, B.: Cyanides and nitriles (Chapter 61). In Patty's Toxicology, 5^th Ed., Vol. 4, Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B., and Powell, C.H., eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1400-1404, 2001.
(dyspnea, burning sensation in the throat, impaired judgement, death.) Mangipudy, R.S., and Mehendale, M.H. Acrylonitrile. In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Vol. 1, Wexler, P. ed. New York: Academic Press, pp. 27-28, 1998.
(convulsion and hysterical) Sitting, M.: Acrylonitrile. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 3rd Ed. Vol. 1, pp. 52-54, 1991.
(metabolism) Their, R., Balkenhol, H., Lewalter, J., Selinski, S., Dommermuth, A. and Bolt, H.M. Influence of polymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzyme on the metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile. Mutation Res. 482(1-2): 41-46, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 03/26/2024

ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN (2-CHLOROETHANOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-07-3
Formula	C₂H₅ClO
Synonyms	2-chloroethanol; 2-chloroethyl alcohol; ethylene chlorhydrin

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a faint, ether-like odor.
Boiling point	262°F	Molecular weight	80.5
Freezing point/melting point	-90°F	Vapor pressure	5 mmHg
Flash point	140°F	Vapor density	2.78
Specific gravity	1.2	Ionization potential	10.90 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	4.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.9%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1120
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-35 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	NIOSH 2513 (fully validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.2 ppm@9.3 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (16 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	1 ppm (3 mg/m³)	TLV-C		PEL-C	1 ppm (3 mg/m³)
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylene chlorohydrin

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethylene chlorohydrin

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethylene chlorohydrin. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 05/01/2024

ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (1,2-DICHLOROETHANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-06-2
Formula	C₂H₄Cl₂
Synonyms	1,2-dichloroethane; ethylene chloride; glycol dichloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pleasant, chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	182°F	Molecular weight	98.96
Freezing point/melting point	-32°F	Vapor pressure	64 mmHg
Flash point	56°F	Vapor density	3.4
Specific gravity	1.24	Ionization potential	11.05 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	6.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	16%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0874
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	OSHA 3 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 135L	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-235S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-2 strokes; 16-1040 ppm range; uncertainty 16% for 100-300 ppm, 8% for 300-1040 ppm	1 stroke; approx 5-160 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	50 ppm (200 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1977]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	2 ppm (8 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	2 ppm (8 mg/m³)
PEL-C	100 ppm [5 min any 3 hrs]; 200 ppm (Peak)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	200 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2. OSHA Construction and Maritime Industry PEL is 50 ppm (200 mg/m³) as an 8 HR TWA only. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits (Chloroethanes)..		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A4, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 50 ppm/200 ppm/300 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylene dichloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethylene dichloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethylene dichloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Ethylene Dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network
Bowler, R.M., Gysens, S. and Hartney, C.: Neuropsychological effects of ethylene dichloride exposure. Neurotoxicology 24(4-5): 553-562, 2003.
Guengerich, F.P., Kim, D.H. and Iwasaki, M.: Role of human cytochrome P-450 IIE1 in the oxidation of many low molecular weight cancer suspects. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4(2): 168-179, 1991.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Ethylene Dichloride. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp.1085-1087.

Last Updated Date : 06/06/2022

ALLYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-05-1
Formula	C₃H₅Cl
Synonyms	3-chloropropene; 1-chloro-2-propene; 3-chloropropylene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, brown, yellow, or purple liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor.
Boiling point	113°F	Molecular weight	76.5
Freezing point/melting point	-210°F	Vapor pressure	295 mmHg
Flash point	-25°F	Vapor density	2.64
Specific gravity	0.94	Ionization potential	10.05 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	11.1%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0140
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1.0 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	16 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1.0 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1000 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (3 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1 ppm (3 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	1 ppm (3 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	2 ppm (6 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	2 ppm (6 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	250 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-C, IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 3 ppm/40 ppm/300 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Allyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Allyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Allyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Allylchloride. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
De Rooij, B.M., Boogaard, P.J., Commandeur, J.N., van Sittert, N.J. and Vermeulen, N.P.: Allylmercapturic acid as urinary biomarker of human exposure to Allyl chloride. Occup. Environ. Med. 54(9): 653-661, 1997.
He, F.S. and Zhang, S.L.: Effects of Allyl chloride on occupationally exposed subjects. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 11(Suppl. 4): 43-45, 1985.
Kaye, C.M.: Biosynthesis of mercapturic acids from allyl alcohol, allyl esters and acrolein. Biochem. J. 134(4): 1093-1101, 1973.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Allyl chloride. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 97-100.
Wang, Q.-S., Song, F., Zhao, X., Hou, L.-Y. and Xie, K.-Q.: Expression changes of apoptic-related proteins in nerve tissues of rats treated with Allyl chloride. Toxicology 231(1): 58-67, 2007.

Last Updated Date : 03/26/2024

ACROLEIN†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-02-8
Formula	C₃H₄O
Synonyms	acraldehyde; acrolein, inhibited; acrylaldehyde; acrylic aldehyde; allyl aldehyde; propenal; 2-propenal

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless or yellow liquid with a piercing, disagreeable odor.
Boiling point	127°F	Molecular weight	56.1
Freezing point/melting point	-126°F	Vapor pressure	210 mmHg
Flash point	-15°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.84	Ionization potential	10.13 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	31%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0110
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (150/75 mg) coated with 10% 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine [SKC 226-117]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	48 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-NPD
Method reference	OSHA 52 (fully validated)
Notes	When formaldehyde and acrolein are sampled together, their sample volume must be 24 L
Special requirements	Acrolein standards are not kept on hand due to a short shelf life. Please contact SLTC prior to sampling for acrolein in order to minimize turnaround time.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-136	Gastec 93
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	follow mfr instructions, approx 0.005-1.8% range	2-4 strokes, 2-800 ppm range, uncertainty 16.4% for 10 to 200 ppm, 8.2% for 200 to 800 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	0.1 ppm [0.25 mg/m³]
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix C - Supplementary Exposure Limits (Aldehydes).		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-1, IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.05 ppm/0.15 ppm/1.5 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acrolein, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acrolein

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acrolein. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 03/25/2024

BUTADIENE (1,3-BUTADIENE)‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-99-0
Formula	C₄H₆
Synonyms	biethylene; bivinyl, butadiene; divinyl, erythrene; vinylethylene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor.
Boiling point	24°F	Molecular weight	54.1
Freezing point/melting point	-164°F	Vapor pressure	2.4 atm
Flash point	-105°F (liquid)	Vapor density	1.88
Specific gravity	0.621 at 68°F	Ionization potential	9.07 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	12.0%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0410
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) coated with 10% t-butylcatechol [SKC 226-73]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 56 (fully validated)
Notes	Keep samples refrigerated when not in transit. Ship samples overnight with cold-packs as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Butadiene, 1-25 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (2.21 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	1 ppm (2.2 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL	5 ppm (11 mg/m³)	REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	5 ppm (11 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1051, 1,3-Butadiene and 29 CFR 1910.19, Special provisions for air contaminants.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.19 ppm). See Appendix A		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5201. 1,3-Butadiene
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-CaH (inhaled), IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A2		Notes: Ca; 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 10 ppm/500 ppm/5000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1,3-Butadiene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1,3-Butadiene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1,3-Butadiene. See annual publication for most recent information.
Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Website: 1,3-Butadiene.
Begemann, P., Sram, R.J. and Neumann, H.G.: Hemoglobin adducts of epoxybutene in workers occupationally exposed to 1,3-butadiene. Arch. Toxicol. 74(11): 680-687, 2001.
Benowitz, N.L., Peng, M. and Jacob, P., III: Effects of cigarette smoking and carbon monoxide on chlorzoxazone and caffeine metabolism. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 74(5): 468-474, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 1,3-Butadiene. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 384-386.

Last Updated Date : 04/03/2024

BUTANE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-97-8
Formula	C₄H₁₀
Synonyms	normal-butane (n-butane); butyl hydride; diethyl; methylethylmethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a gasoline-like or natural gas odor.
Boiling point	31°F	Molecular weight	58.1
Freezing point/melting point	-217°F	Vapor pressure	2.05 atm
Flash point	-76°F	Vapor density	2.11
Specific gravity	0.6 at 32°F	Ionization potential	10.63 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8.4%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0420
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 tubes, ORBO™ 91 Carbosieve® S-III (130/65) in series [Supelco 20360]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2010 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 104	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-221SA
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1 stroke, 5-1400 ppm range, uncertainty 16% for 25-400 ppm, 8% for 400-1400 ppm	1 stroke, approx 0.02-0.6% range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	800 ppm (1900 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1000 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA	800 ppm (1900 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: (EX) Explosion hazard: the substance is a flammable asphyxiant or excursions above the TLV could approach 10% of the LEL.		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Butane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - n-Butane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Butane, all isomers. See annual publication for most recent information.
Aydin, Y. and Ozcakar L.: Occupational hepatitis due to chronic inhalation of propane and butane. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 57(6): 546, 2003.
Fuke, C., et al.: A fatal case considered to be due to cardiac arrhythmia associated with butane inhalation. Leg. Med. (Tokyo) 4(2): 134-138, 2002.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Butanes. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 386-388.
Rohrig, T.P.: Sudden death due to butane inhalation. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 18(3): 299-302, 1997.
Tsukamoto, S., Chiba, S., Muto, T., Ishikawa, T. and Shimamura, M.: Study on the metabolism of volatile hydrocarbons in mice-propane, n-butane, and iso-butane. J. Toxicol. Sci. 10(4): 323-332, 1985.

Last Updated Date : 12/18/2020

ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE (1,2-DIBROMOETHANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-93-4
Formula	C₂H₄Br₂
Synonyms	1,2-dibromoethane; ethylene bromide; glycol dibromide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid or solid (below 50°F) with a sweet odor.
Boiling point	268°F	Molecular weight	187.9
Freezing point/melting point	50°F	Vapor pressure	12 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	6.48
Specific gravity	2.17	Ionization potential	9.45 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1140
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*	5 min minimum
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	OSHA 2 (fully validated)
Notes	Sample must be refrigerated and analyzed as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 136L	Gastec 136H	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-166S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1 stroke; approx 4-80 ppm range	1 stroke; approx 7-210 ppm range	follow mfr instructions; approx 1-50 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	20 ppm	REL-TWA	0.045 ppm	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	30 ppm [5 minutes]; 50 ppm (Peak) [5 minutes for 8 hr shift]	REL-C	0.13 ppm [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C	0.13 ppm (1 mg/m³)
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: OSHA Construction and Maritime Industry PEL is 25 ppm (190 mg/m³) as a Ceiling concentration (C). See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards. Skin designation does not apply for General Industry. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: See TLV Documentation on Ethylene dibromide		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5219. Section 5219. Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)..
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3, EPA-L		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylene dibromide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethylene dibromide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethylene dibromide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Letz, G.A., Pond, S.M., Osterloh, J.D., Wade, R.L. and Becker, C.E.: Two fatalities after acute occupational exposure to ethylene dibromide. JAMA 252(17): 2428-2431, 1984 (symptoms of fatal exposure).
Ratcliffe, J.M., Schrader, S.M., Steenland, K., Clapp, D.E., Turner, T. and Hornung, R.W.: Semen quality in papaya workers with long term exposure to ethylene dibromide. Br. J. Ind. Med. 44(5): 317-326, 1987 (sperm toxicity).
Wormhoudt, L.W., Ploemen, J.H., de Waziers, I., Commandeur, J.N., Beaune, P.H., van Bladeren, P.J. and Vermeulen, N.P.: Inter-individual variability in the oxidation of 1,2-dibromoethane: use of heterologously expressed human cytochrome P450 and human liver microsomes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 101(3): 175-192, 1996 (metabolism).
Stein, H.P., Bahlman, L.J., Leidel, N.A., Parker, J.C., Thomas, A.W. and Millar, J.D.: Ethylene dibromide and disulfiram toxic interaction. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 39(7): A35-37, 1978 (interaction with disulfiram).

Last Updated Date : 06/06/2022

ALLYL ALCOHOL†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYLENEDIAMINE (1,2-DIAMINOETHANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACRYLONITRILE (VINYL CYANIDE)‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN (2-CHLOROETHANOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (1,2-DICHLOROETHANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ALLYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACROLEIN†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

BUTADIENE (1,3-BUTADIENE)‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

BUTANE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE (1,2-DIBROMOETHANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References