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ACETIC ANHYDRIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-24-7
Formula	C₄H₆O₃
Synonyms	acetic acid anhydride; acetic oxide; acetyl oxide; ethanoic anhydride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a strong, pungent, vinegar-like odor.
Boiling point	282°F	Molecular weight	102.1
Freezing point/melting point	-99°F	Vapor pressure	4 mmHg
Flash point	120°F	Vapor density	3.52
Specific gravity	1.08	Ionization potential	10.00 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.7%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	10.3%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0030
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFFs coated with veratrylamine (3,4-dimethoxybenzylamine) and di-n-octyl phthalate [SLTC100]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-NPD
Method reference	OSHA 102 (fully validated)
Notes	These media are prepared by SLTC as needed and are not available for immediate shipment. Please allow time for SLTC to prepare these media prior to sampling.
Special requirements	Store filters under refrigeration and use within 1 month. Small interfering peaks start appearing after that time.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 81
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1 stroke, approx 0.3-15 ppm range, 16.4% uncertainty

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)	TLV-C		PEL-C	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.5 ppm/15 ppm/100 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetic anhydride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acetic anhydride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acetic anhydride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Wagner, F.S., Jr.: Acetic anhydride. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4^th Ed., Vol. 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp.142-154, 1991.
Sinclair, J.S., McManus, D.T., O'Hara, M.D. and Millar, R.: Fatal inhalation injury following an industrial accident involving acetic anhydride. Burns 20(5): 469-470, 1994.

Last Updated Date : 03/27/2024

ISOPROPYL ACETATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-21-4
Formula	C₅H₁₀O₂
Synonyms	isopropyl ester of acetic acid; 1-methylethyl ester of acetic acid; 2-propyl acetate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a fruity odor.
Boiling point	194°F	Molecular weight	102.15
Freezing point/melting point	-100.1°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg at -36.9°F, 100 mmHg at 96.3°F, 760 mmHg at 192.2°F
Flash point	36°F	Vapor density	3.5
Specific gravity	0.874	Ionization potential	9.95 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.8% at 100°F	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1540
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.1-9 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.02-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1454 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	250 ppm (950 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	100 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	250 ppm (950 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	150 ppm [2017]	PEL-STEL	310 ppm (1185 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.		Notes: as propyl acetate isomers [108-21-4; 109-60-4]		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1800 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isopropyl acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isopropyl acetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Propyl acetate isomers. See annual publication for most recent information.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Isopropyl Acetate. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1350-1352.
Zakko, S.F., Scirica, J.C., Guttermuth, M.C., Dodge, J. and Hajjar, J.-J.: Ethyl propionate is more effective and less cytotoxic than methyl tert-butyl ether for topical gallstone dissolution. Gastroenterology 113(1): 232-237, 1997.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

ISOPROPYL ETHER†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-20-3
Formula	C₆H₁₄O
Synonyms	diisopropyl ether; diisopropyl oxide; 2-isopropoxy propane; isopropylether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a sharp, sweet, ether-like odor.
Boiling point	154°F	Molecular weight	102.2
Freezing point/melting point	-123°F	Vapor pressure	119 mmHg
Flash point	-18°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.73	Ionization potential	9.20 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7.9%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1565
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	01-3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1618 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.2 ppm@9 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	500 ppm (2100 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	500 ppm (2100 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	250 ppm [1979]	PEL-TWA	250 ppm (1050 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	310 ppm [1979]	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1400 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diisopropyl ether

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isopropyl ether

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Isopropyl ether. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2023

DIISOPROPYLAMINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-18-9
Formula	C₆H₁₅N
Synonyms	DIPA; N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propanamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with an ammonia- or fish-like odor.
Boiling point	183°F	Molecular weight	101.2
Freezing point/melting point	-78°F	Vapor pressure	70 mmHg
Flash point	20°F	Vapor density	3.5
Specific gravity	0.72	Ionization potential	7.73 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7.1%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0925
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing 10 mL Sulfuric Acid (0.1 M) [Infrequently Requested Method - OSHA staff please contact SLTC before sampling 801-233-5100]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	120 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH S141 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.4 ppm@8.5 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1979]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diisopropylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diisopropylamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Diisopropylamine. See annual publication for most recent information.
Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123, (1981, January). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

METHYL ISOBUTYL CARBINOL (METHYL AMYL ALCOHOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-11-2
Formula	C₆H₁₄O
Synonyms	isobutylmethylcarbinol; methyl amyl alcohol; 4-methyl-2-pentanol; MIBC

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Boiling point	271°F	Molecular weight	102.18
Freezing point/melting point	-130°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg
Flash point	106°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.81	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	5.5%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1670
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1402 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.8 ppm@8.7 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	25 ppm (100 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	25 ppm (100 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	20 ppm (83 mg/m³) [2020]	PEL-TWA	25 ppm (100 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	40 ppm (165 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	40 ppm (167 mg/m³) [2020]	PEL-STEL	40 ppm (165 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	400 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl isobutyl carbinol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methy isobutyl carbinol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl isobutyl carbinol. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 05/17/2022

HEXONE (METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE; MIBK)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-10-1
Formula	C₆H₁₂O
Synonyms	isobutyl methyl ketone; methyl isobutyl ketone; 4-methyl 2-pentanone; MIBK

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Boiling point	242°F	Molecular weight	100.16
Freezing point/melting point	-120.5°F	Vapor pressure	16 mmHg
Flash point	73°F	Vapor density	3.45
Specific gravity	0.8	Ionization potential	9.30 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7.5%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1385	1385
Sampling group	OVSG-4
Sampler/Sampling media	Two 600mg silica gel tubes connected in series [SKC 226-183]; tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1]; Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]	SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler [SKC 575-002]
Sampling time^*	120 min	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	6 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments		GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5004 (fully validated)	OSHA 1004 (fully validated)
Notes		To obtain sampling and analytical error similar to that available with active sampling, knowledge of the atmospheric pressure and temperature are required, and these should be obtained using NIST-traceable devices. If that is not possible, temperature is assumed to be 22.2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is estimated based on the elevation of the sampling location. When estimates are used in place of traceable measurements the sampling and analytical error associated with passive sampling is substantially increased, and this makes it more difficult to demonstrate overexposures after considering the 95% lower confidence limit.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (410 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	50 ppm (205 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	50 ppm (205 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	75 ppm (300 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	75 ppm (300 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-1, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl isobutyl ketone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA: Toxicological review of methyl isobutyl ketone (CAS No. 108-10-1). March 2003.
Grober, E. and Schaumburg, H.H.: Occupational exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone causes lasting impairment in working memory. Neurology 54(9): 1853-1855, 2000.
Kawai, T. et al.: Methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone in urine as biological markers of occupational exposure to these solvents at low levels. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 76(1): 17-23, 2003.
NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline - Hexone. 1988.
NTP: NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (CAS NO. 108-10-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation Studies), February 2007.
Tyl, R.W., K.A. France, L.C. Fisher, I.M. Pritts, T.R. Tyler, R.D. Phillips, and E.J. Moran: Developmental toxicity evaluation of inhaled methyl isobutyl ketone in Fischer 344 rats and CD-1 mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 8:310-327, 1987.

Last Updated Date : 05/05/2025

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
Two 600mg silica gel tubes connected in series [SKC 226-183], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]	120 min	6 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Acetone	0040	No
2-Butanone	0430	No
Hexone	1385	No

Notes

VINYL ACETATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-05-4
Formula	C₄H₆O₂
Synonyms	acetic acid, vinyl ester; acetic acid, ethenyl ester; 1-acetoxyethylene; ethenyl acetate; ethenyl ethanoate; VAC; vinyl acetate monomer; vinyl ethanoate ethenyl acetate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor.
Boiling point	162°F	Molecular weight	86.1
Freezing point/melting point	-136°F	Vapor pressure	83 mmHg
Flash point	18°F	Vapor density	3
Specific gravity	0.93	Ionization potential	9.19 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	13.4%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2572
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 92 Carboxen® 564 (160/80 mg) [Supelco 20362]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 51 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 143	Gastec 141	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-237S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1-4 strokes, 1-250 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 10-20 ppm, 16% for 20-100 ppm	1 stroke, 0.006-0.9% range, uncertainty 16% for 0.024-0.18%, 8% for 0.18-0.9%	approx 5-120 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	15 ppm [1992]	PEL-STEL	15 ppm (45 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C	4 ppm (15 mg/m³), [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 5 ppm/75 ppm/500 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vinyl acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinyl acetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vinyl acetate. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bogdanffy, M.S., Sarangapani, R., Plowchalk, D.R., Jarabek, A. and Andersen, M.E.: A biologically based risk assessment for vinyl acetate-induced cancer and noncancer inhalation toxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 51(1): 19-35, 1999.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

1-NITROPROPANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	108-03-2
Formula	CH₃CH₂CH₂NO₂
Synonyms	nitropropane; 1-NP

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless oily liquid with a somewhat disagreeable odor.
Boiling point	269°F	Molecular weight	89.1
Freezing point/melting point	-162°F	Vapor pressure	8 mmHg
Flash point	96°F	Vapor density	3.06
Specific gravity	1	Ionization potential	10.81 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1940
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-4 tube (80/40 mg) [SKC 226-93]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	4 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 46 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	organic vapor analyzer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type		Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)		4.8 ppm@12.5 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	25 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	25 ppm (90 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Nitropropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1-Nitropropane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1-Nitropropane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

1-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-98-2
Formula	C₄H₁₀O₂
Synonyms	Dowtherm209®; 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane; 1-methoxy-2-propanol; 2-methoxy-1-methylethanol; propylene glycol methyl ether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, ethereal odor.
Boiling point	248°F	Molecular weight	90.1
Freezing point/melting point	-139°F (sets to glass)	Vapor pressure	12 mmHg
Flash point	97°F	Vapor density	3.11
Specific gravity	0.96	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	13.8%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2210
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 99 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	100 ppm (360 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	50 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA	100 ppm (360 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	150 ppm (540 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	100 ppm [2012]	PEL-STEL	150 ppm (540 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Methoxy-2-propanol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Propylene glycol monomethyl ether

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1-Methoxy-2-propanol. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) (CASRN 107-98-2).
Devanthéry, A., Berode, M. and Droz, P.O.: Propylene glycol monomethyl ether occupational exposure. 3. Exposure of human volunteers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 75(4): 203-208, 2002.
Emmen, H.H., Muijser, H., Arts, J.H. and Prinsen, M.K.: Human volunteer study with PGME: eye irritation during vapor exposure. Toxicol. Lett. 140-141: 249-259, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1974-1976.
Wilkinson, S.C. and Williams, F.M.: Effects of experimental conditions on absorption of glycol ethers through human skin in vitro. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 75(8): 519-527, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 09/22/2022

2-PENTANONE (METHYL PROPYL KETONE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-87-9
Formula	C₅H₁₀O
Synonyms	ethyl acetone; methyl propyl ketone; MPK

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to water-white liquid with a characteristic acetone-like odor.
Boiling point	215°F	Molecular weight	86.1
Freezing point/melting point	-108°F	Vapor pressure	12 mmHg
Flash point	45°F	Vapor density	3
Specific gravity	0.81	Ionization potential	9.39 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8.2%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2010
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1300 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (700 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	150 ppm (530 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	200 ppm (700 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	250 ppm (875 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl propyl ketone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Pentanone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl propyl ketone. See annual publication for most recent information.
Mathews, J.M., Raymer, J.H., Etheridge, A.S., Velez, G.R. and Bucher, J.R.: Do endogenous volatile organic chemicals measured in breath reflect and maintain CYP2E1 levels in vivo? Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 146(2): 255-260, 1997.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 2-Pentanone. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1808-1810.

Last Updated Date : 05/19/2026

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOPROPYL ACETATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOPROPYL ETHER†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIISOPROPYLAMINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ISOBUTYL CARBINOL (METHYL AMYL ALCOHOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXONE (METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE; MIBK)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

VINYL ACETATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

1-NITROPROPANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

1-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2-PENTANONE (METHYL PROPYL KETONE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References