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PROPIONIC ACID

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-09-4
Formula	C₃H₆O₂
Synonyms	carboxyethane; ethanecarboxylic acid; ethylformic acid; metacetonic acid; methyl acetic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, oily liquid with a pungent, disagreeable, rancid odor.
Boiling point	286°F	Molecular weight	74.1
Freezing point/melting point	-6.7°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg
Flash point	126°F	Vapor density	2.56
Specific gravity	0.99	Ionization potential	10.24 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	14.8%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2168
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Silica gel tube (520/260 mg) [SKC 226-15]
Sampling time^*	90 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	18 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA PV2293 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1977]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	15 ppm (45 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Propionic acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Propionic acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Propionic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Harrison, P.T.: Propionic acid and the phenomenon of rodent forestomach tumorigenesis: a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 30(4): 333-340, 1992.
Henschel, R., Agathos, M. and Breit, R.: Acute irritant contact dermatitis from propionic acid used in animal feed preservation. Contact Dermatitis 40(6): 328, 1999.
Lehnert, W., Sperl, W., Suormala, T. and Baumgartner, E.R.: Propionic academia: clinical, biochemical and therapeutic aspects. Experience in 30 patients. Eur. J. Pediatr. 153(7 Suppl. 1): S-68-S80.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Propionic Acid. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1955-1957.
Walker, J.C., Kendal-Reed, M., Hall, S.B., Morgan, W.T., Polyakov, V.V. and Lutz, R.W.: Human responses to propionic acid. II. Quantification of breathing responses and their relationship to perception. Chem. Senses 26(4): 351-358, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

ACRYLAMIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-06-1
Formula	C₃H₅NO
Synonyms	acrylamide monomer; acrylic amide; propenamide; 2-propenamide

Physical Properties
Physical description	White crystalline, odorless solid.
Boiling point	347-572°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	71.1
Freezing point/melting point	184°F	Vapor pressure	0.007 mmHg
Flash point	280°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.12	Ionization potential	9.50 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0115
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-7) - 13 mm XAD-7 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed (no longer available) [SKC 226-57]
Sampling time^*	120 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	120 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	OSHA PV2004 (partially validated)
Notes	Specified sampling media above is no longer available. SKC recommends the 200/100 mg variant with the same media [SKC 226-57].
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.3 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.03 mg/m³	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.03 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data dermal sensitization (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-L, IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acrylamide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acrylamide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acrylamide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 03/26/2024

CHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-04-9
Formula	ClCH₂COCl
Synonyms	chloroacetic acid chloride; chloroacetic chloride; monochloroacetyl chloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong, pungent odor.
Boiling point	223°F	Molecular weight	112.9
Freezing point/melting point	-8.5°F	Vapor pressure	19 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.42	Ionization potential	10.30 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.05 ppm [1988]	PEL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	0.15 ppm [1988]	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.05 ppm/0.5 ppm/10 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chloroacetyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chloroacetyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chloroacetyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/21/2020

TRICHLOROETHYLENE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-01-6
Formula	C₂HCl₃
Synonyms	ethylene trichloride; TCE; trichloroethene; trilene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid (unless dyed blue) with a chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	189°F	Molecular weight	131.4
Freezing point/melting point	-99°F	Vapor pressure	58 mmHg
Flash point	>200°F	Vapor density	4.53
Specific gravity	1.46	Ionization potential	9.45 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	10.5%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2490	2490
Sampling group	OVSG-1
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]	SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler [SKC 575-002]
Sampling time^*	240 min (1 min Peak; ≤5 min C)	<240 min TWA; >5min C, Peak
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L (Peak); 0.25 L (C)
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5000 (fully validated)	OSHA 1001 (fully validated)
Notes		To obtain sampling and analytical error similar to that available with active sampling, knowledge of the atmospheric pressure and temperature are required, and these should be obtained using NIST-traceable devices. If that is not possible, temperature is assumed to be 22.2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is estimated based on the elevation of the sampling location. When estimates are used in place of traceable measurements the sampling and analytical error associated with passive sampling is substantially increased, and this makes it more difficult to demonstrate overexposures after considering the 95% lower confidence limit.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Trichloroethylene, 5-100 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	10 ppm [2006]	PEL-TWA	25 ppm (135 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	25 ppm [2006]	PEL-STEL	100 ppm (537 mg/m³)
PEL-C	200 ppm; 300 ppm (Peak), for a single time period up to 5 min in any 2 hours	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	300 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2. OSHA Construction and Maritime Industry PEL is 100 ppm (535 mg/m³) as an 8 hr TWA. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A2, NTP-R		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 100 ppm/500 ppm/5000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Trichloroethylene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Trichloroethylene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Trichloroethylene. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Trichloroethylene. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Bringmann, G, God, R., Fahr, S., Feineis, D., Fornadi, K. and Fornadi, F.: Identification of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline in human blood after intake of the hypnotic chloral hydrate. Anal. Biochem. 270(1): 167-175, 1999.
Cai, H. and Guengerich, F.P.: Reaction of trichloroethylene and trichloroethylene oxide with cytochrome P450 enzymes: inactivation and sites of modification. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14(4): 451-458, 2001.
Forkert, P.-G., Lash, L., Tardif, R., Tanphaichitr, N., Vandevoort, C. and Moussa, M.: Identification of trichloroethylene and its metabolites in human seminal fluid of workers exposed to trichloroethylene. Drug Metab. Dispos. 31(3): 306-311, 2003.
Guehl, D., Bezard, E., Dovero, S., Boraud, T., Bioulac, B. and Gross, C.: Trichloroethylene and parkinsonism: a human and experimental observation. Eur. J. Neurol. 6(5): 609-611, 1999.
Lipscomb, J.C., Garrett, C.M. and Snawder, J.E.: Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of trichloroethylene: interindividual differences in humans. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 142(2): 311-318, 1997.
Nakajima, T., Yamanoshita, O., Kamijima, M., Kishi, R. and Ichihara, G.: Generalized skin reactions in relation to trichloroethylene exposure: a review from the viewpoint of drug-metabolizing enzymes. J. Occup. Health 45(1): 8-14, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Trichloroethylene. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp.2250-2253.

Last Updated Date : 04/14/2021

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
CSC Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh), [SKC 226-01]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Isobutyl Acetate	1534	No
n-Butyl Acetate	0440	No
sec-Butyl Acetate	0441	No
tert-Butyl Acetate	0442	No
Toluene**	2460	No
Ethyl Benzene	1080	No
Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene)**	2020	No
Trichloroethylene**	2490	No
Xylene	2590	No
Trimethylbenzene	2505	No
Benzene***	0320	No
Ethyl Acetate****	1040	No
n-Propyl Acetate‡	2180	No
Pentane‡‡	1990	No
Cyclohexane‡‡‡	0810	No
Heptane*	1371	No
n-Hexane‡‡‡‡	1380	No
Nonane*	N807	No
Octane*	1957	No

Notes

Request any (up to three (3)) of these analytes together.

Alternatively request IMIS Code Q115 and SLTC will report any significant amounts of these analytes.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

Toluene, sec-Butyl Acetate, Benzene and Isobutyl Alcohol all have/are known interferences. Please indicate on the 91A which of these compounds are known to be present.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*80 min (4L)

**Peak sampling 1 min (0.05 L) and Ceiling sampling 5 min (0.25 L)

***STEL sampling 15 min (0.75 L)

****120 min (6 L)

‡200 min (10 L)

‡‡45 min (2.25 L)

‡‡‡190 min (9.5 L)

‡‡‡‡98 min (4.9 L)

1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-00-5
Formula	C₂H₃Cl₃
Synonyms	ethane trichloride; β-trichloroethane; vinyl trichloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	237°F	Molecular weight	133.4
Freezing point/melting point	-34°F	Vapor pressure	19 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	4.63
Specific gravity	1.44	Ionization potential	11.00 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.5%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2495
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 11 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (45 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (45 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (45 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3, EPA-C		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Mazzullo, M., Colacci, A., Grilli, S., Prodi, G. and Arfellini, G.: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane: evidence of genotoxicity from short-term tests. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 77(6): 532-539, 1986.
Mitoma, C., Steeger, T., Jackson, S.E., Wheeler, K.P., Rogers, J.H. and Milman, H.A.: Metabolic disposition study of chlorinated hydrocarbons in rats and mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 8(3): 183-194, 1985.
No authors listed: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 52: 337-359, 1991.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2248-2250.

Last Updated Date : 12/14/2020

CHLOROACETONE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-95-5
Formula	C₃H₅ClO
Synonyms	acetonyl chloride; ⍺-chloroacetone; chloropropanone; methyl chloromethyl ketone

Physical Properties
Physical description	A yellow-colored liquid with an irritating pungent odor.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	92.53
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	1 ppm [1996]	PEL-C	1 ppm (3.8 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chloroacetone, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chloroacetone, stabilized

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chloroacetone. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/21/2020

METHYL VINYL KETONE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-94-4
Formula	C₄H₆O
Synonyms	3-butene-2-one; acetyl ethylene; butenone; MVK; methylene acetone

Physical Properties
Physical description	A clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Boiling point	179°F	Molecular weight	70.1
Freezing point/melting point	20°F	Vapor pressure	86 mmHg at 72°F
Flash point	20°F	Vapor density	2.41
Specific gravity	0.8407	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.6%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	0.001 ppm [2018]	PEL-C	0.05 ppm (0.14 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl vinyl ketone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl vinyl ketone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dimethyl sulfate. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Dimethyl sulfate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Dimethyl sulfate. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(Pt. 2): 575-588, 1999.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dimethyl Sulfate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 939-941.
Schettgen, T., Broding, H.C., Angerer, J. and Drexler, H.: Dimethyl sulphate: a hidden problem in occupational medicine. Occup. Environ. Med. 61(1): 73-75, 2004.
Wang, Y., Xia, J. and Wang, Q.: Clinical report on 62 cases of acute dimethyl sulfate intoxication. Am. J. Ind. Med. 13(4): 455-462, 1988.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

2-BUTANONE (METHYL ETHYL KETONE; MEK)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-93-3
Formula	C₄H₈O
Synonyms	ethyl methyl ketone; MEK; methyl acetone; methyl ethyl ketone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a moderately sharp, fragrant, mint- or acetone-like odor.
Boiling point	175°F	Molecular weight	72.1
Freezing point/melting point	-123°F	Vapor pressure	78 mmHg
Flash point	16°F	Vapor density	2.42
Specific gravity	0.81	Ionization potential	9.54 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.4% at 200°F	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	11.4% at 200°F
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0430	0430
Sampling group	OVSG-4
Sampler/Sampling media	Two 600mg silica gel tubes connected in series [SKC 226-183]; tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1]; Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]	SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler [SKC 575-002]
Sampling time^*	120 min	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	6 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments		GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5004 (fully validated)	OSHA 1004 (fully validated)
Notes		SKC no longer makes the Anasorb CMS media listed in Method 1004. To obtain sampling and analytical error similar to that available with active sampling, knowledge of the atmospheric pressure and temperature are required, and these should be obtained using NIST-traceable devices. If that is not possible, temperature is assumed to be 22.2 °C, and the atmospheric pressure is estimated based on the elevation of the sampling location. When estimates are used in place of traceable measurements the sampling and analytical error associated with passive sampling is substantially increased, and this makes it more difficult to demonstrate overexposures after considering the 95% lower confidence limit.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (590 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	200 ppm (500 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	200 ppm (590 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	300 ppm (885 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	300 ppm (885 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl ethyl ketone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Butanone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl Ethyl Ketone. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA: Integrated Risk Information System - Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (CASRN 78-93-3). September 2003a.
EPA: Toxicological Review of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (CAS No. 78-93-3). September 2003b.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Ketones. 1978.
NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for 2-Butanone. 1988.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Methyl ethyl ketone. In: Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, pp. 1566-1568, 2002.
Tomicic, C, Berode, M, Oppliger, A, Castella, V, Leyvraz, F, Praz-Christinaz, SM, Danuser, B: Sex differences in urinary levels of several biological indicators of exposure - a human volunteer study. Toxicol Lett. 202(3):218-25, May 10, 2011.

Last Updated Date : 05/05/2025

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
Two 600mg silica gel tubes connected in series [SKC 226-183], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]	120 min	6 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Acetone	0040	No
2-Butanone	0430	No
Hexone	1385	No

Notes

SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (SEC-BUTANOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-92-2
Formula	C₄H₁₀O
Synonyms	2-butanol; butylene hydrate; 2-hydroxybutane; methyl ethyl carbinol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a strong, pleasant odor.
Boiling point	211°F	Molecular weight	74.1
Freezing point/melting point	-175°F	Vapor pressure	12 mmHg
Flash point	75°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.81	Ionization potential	10.10 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.7% at 212°F	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	9.8% at 212°F
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0461
Sampling group	OVSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5001 (fully validated)
Notes	Separate tubes and seal each after sampling.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 115	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-189U
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	3 strokes, 1-150 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 5-50 ppm, 16% for 50-150 ppm	2 or 4 strokes, approx 4-300 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	150 ppm (450 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	100 ppm (305 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	100 ppm (305 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	150 ppm (455 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sec-Butyl alcohol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sec-Butyl alcohol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - sec-Butanol. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/05/2024

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
2) Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
2-Butoxyethanol	0435	No
n-Butyl alcohol	0460	No
sec-Butyl alcohol	0461	No
Ethyl alcohol	1060	No
Isobutyl alcohol	1536	No
Isopropyl alcohol	1560	No
Methyl alcohol*	1660	No
n-Propyl alcohol	2170	No

Notes

Immediately after sampling, separate the two sampling tubes to prevent post-sampling migration.

Request any (up to two (2)) of these analytes together.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amounts are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*If this is your primary analyte of interest, sample for 60 min at 0.05 L/min (3L). If the relative humidity is >50% at 25°C, you can sample for 100 min at 0.05 L/min (5L).

PROPYLENE DICHLORIDE (1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-87-5; 26638-19-7(mixed isomers)
Formula	C₃H₆Cl₂
Synonyms	dichloro-1,2-propane; 1,2-dichloropropane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	206°F	Molecular weight	112.99
Freezing point/melting point	149°F	Vapor pressure	40 mmHg
Flash point	60°F	Vapor density	3.9
Specific gravity	1.16	Ionization potential	10.87 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	14.5%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2190
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Anasorb 747 (140/70 mg) [SKC 226-81A]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.1-3.5 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1013 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer	Organic vapor analyzer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.8 ppm@9.9 µm	follow mfr instructions

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	75 ppm (350 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	10 ppm [2005]	PEL-TWA	75 ppm (350 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	110 ppm (510 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.03 ppm). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: dermal sensitization (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	400 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, NIOSH-Ca,TLV-A4		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1,2-Dichloropropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Propylene dichloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Propylene dichloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/11/2021

PROPIONIC ACID

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACRYLAMIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TRICHLOROETHYLENE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLOROACETONE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL VINYL KETONE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2-BUTANONE (METHYL ETHYL KETONE; MEK)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (SEC-BUTANOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PROPYLENE DICHLORIDE (1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References