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ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL (ISOBUTANOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-83-1
Formula	C₄H₁₀O
Synonyms	IBA; isopropylcarbinol; 2-methyl-1-propanol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, oily liquid with a sweet, musty odor.
Boiling point	227°F	Molecular weight	74.12
Freezing point/melting point	-162°F	Vapor pressure	9 mmHg
Flash point	82°F	Vapor density	2.55
Specific gravity	0.8	Ionization potential	10.12 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	10.9%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1536
Sampling group	OVSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5001 (fully validated)
Notes	Separate tubes and seal each after sampling.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Gastec 116	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-208U
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	2 strokes, 1-150 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 5-50 ppm, 16% for 50-150 ppm	3 strokes, approx 2-100 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (300 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	50 ppm (150 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1973]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (150 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1600 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isobutanol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isobutanol alcohol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Isobutanol. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 06/14/2023

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
2) Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
2-Butoxyethanol	0435	No
n-Butyl alcohol	0460	No
sec-Butyl alcohol	0461	No
Ethyl alcohol	1060	No
Isobutyl alcohol	1536	No
Isopropyl alcohol	1560	No
Methyl alcohol*	1660	No
n-Propyl alcohol	2170	No

Notes

Immediately after sampling, separate the two sampling tubes to prevent post-sampling migration.

Request any (up to two (2)) of these analytes together.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amounts are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*If this is your primary analyte of interest, sample for 60 min at 0.05 L/min (3L). If the relative humidity is >50% at 25°C, you can sample for 100 min at 0.05 L/min (5L).

2-METHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-78-4
Formula	C₅H₁₂
Synonyms	isopentane; ethyldimethylethane; isoamylhydride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Watery colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor.
Boiling point	82°F	Molecular weight	72.17
Freezing point/melting point	-255.8°F	Vapor pressure	689 mmHg
Flash point	-70°F	Vapor density	2.48
Specific gravity	0.062	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7.6%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	R228
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	4 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1500 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (2950 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	120 ppm (350 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1000 ppm [2013]	PEL-TWA	600 ppm (1800 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	610 ppm (1800 mg/m³) [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: As Pentane; there is no specific OSHA PEL for 2-Methylbutane. Construction and Maritime Industry PEL is 500 ppm (1500 mg/m³) as an 8 hr TWA for Pentane. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes: as n-Pentane		Notes: as Pentane, all isomers		Notes: as Pentane
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1500 ppm (as n-Pentane)
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isopentane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - n-Pentane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pentane, all isomers. See annual publication for most recent information.
Chiba, S. and Oshida, S.: Metabolism and toxicity of n-pentane and isopentane [Japanese]. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi 45(2): 128-137, 1991.
Galvin, J.B. and Marashi, F.: 2-Methylbutane (isopentane). CAS# 78-78-4. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 58(1-2): 23-33, 1999.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Isopentane. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1341-1342.

Last Updated Date : 06/23/2023

ISOPHORONE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-59-1
Formula	C₉H₁₄O
Synonyms	isoacetophorone; 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone; 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclo-hexen-1-one

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white liquid with a camphor-like odor.
Boiling point	419.4°F	Molecular weight	138.21
Freezing point/melting point	17°F	Vapor pressure	0.3 mmHg
Flash point	184°F	Vapor density	4.77
Specific gravity	0.92	Ionization potential	9.07 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	3.8%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1538
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 303 (100/50 mg) [Sigma Aldrich 20019-U]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-25 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2508 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	25 ppm (140 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	4 ppm (23 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	4 ppm (23 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	5 ppm [1992]	PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A3, EPA-C		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isophorone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isophorone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Isophorone. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Isophorone. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
De Ceaurriz, J., Micillino, J.C., Bonnet, P. and Guenier, J.P.: Sensory irritation caused by various industrial airborne chemicals. Toxicol Lett. 9(2): 137-143, 1981.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Isophorone. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1342-1344.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

DIOXATHION

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-34-2
Formula	C₁₂H₂₆O₆P₂S₄
Synonyms	Delnav; p-dioxane-2,3-diyl ethyl phosphorodithioate; dioxane phosphate; 2,3-p-dioxanethiol S,S-bis(O,O-diethyl phosphoro-dithioate); Navadel; Delnatex; Kavadel; Deltic; ENT 22879; Hercules AC528; Ruphos

Physical Properties
Physical description	Viscous, brown, tan, or dark-amber liquid.
Boiling point	140-154°F at 0.5 mmHg	Molecular weight	456.6
Freezing point/melting point	-4°F	Vapor pressure	17.8 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.26 at 78.8°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2001]	PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dioxathion

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dioxathion

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dioxathion. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

TRIORTHOCRESYL PHOSPHATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-30-8
Formula	C₂₁H₂₁O₄P
Synonyms	TCP; TOCP; tri-o-cresyl ester of phosphoric acid; tri-o-cresyl phosphate; tricresyl phosphate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow, odorless liquid or solid (below 52°F).
Boiling point	770°F (Slight decomposition)	Molecular weight	368.4
Freezing point/melting point	-22-(-)13°F	Vapor pressure	0.00002 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	437°F	Vapor density	12.7
Specific gravity	1.16	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2532
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1-3 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	NIOSH 5037 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.02 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2015]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	40 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Tricresyl phosphate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Triorthocresyl phosphate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Triorthocresyl phosphate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

ETHYL SILICATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-10-4
Formula	C₈H₂₀O₄Si
Synonyms	ethyl orthosilicate; ethyl silicate (condensed); tetraethoxysilane; tetraethyl orthosilicate; tetraethyl silicate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a sharp, alcohol-like odor.
Boiling point	336°F	Molecular weight	208.3
Freezing point/melting point	-117°F	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg
Flash point	99°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.93	Ionization potential	9.77 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.3%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	23%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1230
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	9 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.04 ppm at 9.1 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (850 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (85 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm (85 mg/m³)	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 25 ppm/100 ppm/300 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl silicate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl silicate

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 12/19/2018

SILICON TETRAHYDRIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7803-62-5
Formula	SiH₄
Synonyms	monosilane; silane; silicane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a repulsive odor.
Boiling point	-169°F	Molecular weight	32.1
Freezing point/melting point	-301°F	Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.11
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	5 ppm (7 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [2014]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (7 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Silane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Silicon tetrahydride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Silicon tetrahydride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

STIBINE (ANTIMONY HYDRIDE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7803-52-3
Formula	H₃Sb
Synonyms	antimony hydride; antimony trihydride; hydrogen antimonide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a disagreeable odor like hydrogen sulfide.
Boiling point	-1°F	Molecular weight	124.8
Freezing point/melting point	-126°F	Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	4.31
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	9.51 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2267
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Solid sorbent tube (HgCl₂-coated silica gel, 1 g/0.5 g)
Sampling time^*	4-50 L
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.01-0.02 L/min
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	UV-VIS
Method reference	NIOSH 6008 (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for stibine from antimony is 1.025.
Special requirements	This media is no longer available. OSHA staff please contact the SLTC prior to sampling at (801) 233-5100.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Arsine 0.5/a, CH25001
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	20 strokes, 0.05-3 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.005 ppm [2021]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/0.5 ppm/1.5 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Stibine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Stibine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Antimony hydride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Andrewes, P., Kitchin, K.T. and Wallace, K.: Plasmid DNA damage caused by stibine and trimethylstibine. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 194(1): 41-48, 2004.
Kentner, M., Leinemann, M., Schaller, K.H., Weltle, D. and Lehnert, G: External and internal antimony exposure in starter battery production. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 67(2): 119-123, 1995.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Stibine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2090-2092.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

PHOSPHINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7803-51-2
Formula	H₃P
Synonyms	hydrogen phosphide; phosphorated hydrogen; phosphorus hydride; phosphorus trihydride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a fish- or garlic-like odor.
Boiling point	-126°F	Molecular weight	34
Freezing point/melting point	-209°F	Vapor pressure	41.3 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.18
Specific gravity	0.746 at -130°F	Ionization potential	9.96 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.79%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	Dangerous fire hazard from spontaneous chemical reaction.
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2080
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF and mercuric chloride-treated polyester filter [SKC 225-9018]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	30 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	ICP
Method reference	OSHA 1003 (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for phosphine from phosphorus is 1.098.
Special requirements	Place a glass fiber filter in front of the treated polyester filter to collect solid particles.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip	CMS Chip	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Phosphine, 0.1-2.5 ppm range	Phosphine, 1-25 ppm range	Phosphine, 20-500 ppm range	Phosphine, 200-5000 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.05 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	1 ppm (1 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	0.15 ppm [2017]	PEL-STEL	1 ppm (1 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-D, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/0.5 ppm/5 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phosphine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phosphine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phosphine. See annual publication for most recent information.
NIOSH Alert: Preventing Phosphine Poisoning and Explosions during Fumigation. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 99-126 (September 1999).
EPA Air Toxics Website: Phosphine. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Brautbar, N. and Howard, J.: Phosphine toxicity: report of two cases and review of the literature. Toxicol. Ind. Health 18(2): 71-75, 2002.
Burgess, J.L.: Phosphine exposure from a methamphetamine laboratory investigation. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 39(2): 165-168, 2001.
Garry, V.F., Harkins, M.E., Erickson, L.L., Long-Simpson, L.K., Holland, S.E. and Burroughs, B.L.: Birth defects, season of conception, and sex of children born to pesticide applicators living in the Red River Valley of Minnesota, USA. Environ. Health Perspec. 110(Suppl. 3): 441-449, 2002.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Phosphine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1862-1864.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

TETRAETHYL LEAD (as Pb)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	78-00-2
Formula	C₈H₂₀Pb
Synonyms	lead tetraethyl; TEL; tetraethylplumbane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid (unless dyed red, orange, or blue) with a pleasant, sweet odor.
Boiling point	392°F	Molecular weight	323.45
Freezing point/melting point	-202°F	Vapor pressure	0.2 mmHg
Flash point	200°F	Vapor density	8.6
Specific gravity	1.65	Ionization potential	11.10 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2360
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-30-04]
Sampling time^*	30-200 L
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.01- 1 L/min
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-PID
Method reference	NIOSH 2533 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.075 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.075 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.075 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: The OSHA Construction and Maritime Industries PEL is 0.1 mg/m³ as an 8 hr TWA. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1, 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1, and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	40 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Tetraethyl lead, liquid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Tetraethyl lead (as Pb)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Tetraethyl lead [78-00-2], as Pb. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 06/21/2022

ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL (ISOBUTANOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2-METHYLBUTANE (ISOPENTANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOPHORONE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIOXATHION

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TRIORTHOCRESYL PHOSPHATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL SILICATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SILICON TETRAHYDRIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

STIBINE (ANTIMONY HYDRIDE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PHOSPHINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

TETRAETHYL LEAD (as Pb)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References