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CHLORINATED CAMPHENE (TOXAPHENE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	8001-35-2
Formula	C₁₀H₁₀Cl₈
Synonyms	toxaphene; chlorocamphene; octachlorocamphene; polychlorocamphene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Amber, waxy solid with a mild, piney, chlorine- and camphor-like odor.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	413.8
Freezing point/melting point	149-194°F	Vapor pressure	0.4 mmHg
Flash point	84°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.65	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	6.4%
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0612
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-30 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-ECD
Method reference	NIOSH 5039 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	1 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.01 mg/m³). See Appendix A		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	200 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Toxaphene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlorinated camphene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlorinated camphene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/17/2024

2-NITROPROPANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-46-9
Formula	C₃H₇NO₂
Synonyms	dimethylnitromethane; iso-nitropropane; 2-NP; sec-nitropropane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor.
Boiling point	249°F	Molecular weight	89.1
Freezing point/melting point	-135°F	Vapor pressure	13 mmHg
Flash point	75°F	Vapor density	3.06
Specific gravity	0.99	Ionization potential	10.71 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	11.0%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1941
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-4 tube (80/40 mg) [SKC 226-93]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	4 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 46 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Organic vapor analyzer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type		Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)		2.3 ppm@11.8 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	25 ppm (90 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (35 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 1.4 ppm). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 2-Nitropropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Nitropropane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 2-Nitropropane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

DIMETHYL CARBAMOYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-44-7
Formula	C₃H₆ClNO
Synonyms	chloroformic acid dimethylamide; dimethylcarbamic chloride; N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride; DMCC

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid.
Boiling point	329°F	Molecular weight	107.6
Freezing point/melting point	-27°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point	155°F	Vapor density	3.73
Specific gravity	1.17	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.005 ppm [2006]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

DICHLOROACETIC ACID

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-43-6
Formula	C₂H₂Cl₂O₂
Synonyms	bichloracetic acid; DCA; dichloroethanoic acid; 2,2-dichloroacetic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	A colorless crystalline solid.
Boiling point	381°F	Molecular weight	128.94
Freezing point/melting point	"49.5°F"	Vapor pressure	1 mmHg at 111°F
Flash point	>235°F	Vapor density	4.4
Specific gravity	1.563	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [2002]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, EPA-L, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dichloroacetic acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards -

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dichloroacetic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

METHACRYLIC ACID

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-41-4
Formula	C₄H₆O₂
Synonyms	methacrylic acid (glacial); methacrylic acid (inhibited); α-methacrylic acid; 2-methylacrylic acid; 2-methylpropenoic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid or solid (below 61°F) with an acrid, repulsive odor.
Boiling point	325°F	Molecular weight	86.09
Freezing point/melting point	61°F	Vapor pressure	0.7 mmHg
Flash point	171°F (open-cup)	Vapor density	2.97
Specific gravity	1.015 at 68°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)	2.4%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	M339
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 708 tubes in series [SKC 226-30-08]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA PV2005 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	20 ppm (70 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	20 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	20 ppm (70 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methacrylic acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methacrylic acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methacrylic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel: Final report of the safety assessment of methacrylic acid. Int. J. Toxicol. 24(Suppl. 5): 33-51, 2005.
Greim, H., et al.: Assessment of structurally related chemicals: toxicity and ecotoxicity of acrylic acid and acrylic acid alkyl esters (acrylates), methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid alkyl esters (methacrylates). Chemosphere 31(2): 2637-2659, 1995.
Lazarov, A.: Sensitization to acrylates is a common adverse reaction to artificial fingernails. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 21(2): 169-174, 2007.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Methacrylic Acid. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1490-1491.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-29-8
Formula	C₆H₁₄
Synonyms	diethylmethylmethane; diisopropyl; 2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane; isohexane; 2-methylpentane; 3-methylpentane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear liquids with mild, gasoline-like odors.
Boiling point	136.4°F	Molecular weight	86.18
Freezing point/melting point	-199.3°F	Vapor pressure	200 mmHg at 70°F
Flash point	-20°F	Vapor density	3
Specific gravity	0.6616	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	7%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	100 ppm (350 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	500 ppm [1979]	PEL-TWA	500 ppm (1800 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	1000 ppm [1979]	PEL-STEL	1000 ppm (3600 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C	510 ppm (1800 mg/m³) [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes: as Hexane, other isomers
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 2,3-Dimethylbutane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexane isomers (excluding n-Hexane)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexane isomers, other than n-Hexane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

ACETYLENE TETRABROMIDE (1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOETHANE)

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-27-6
Formula	C₂H₂Br₄
Synonyms	symmetrical tetrabromoethane; TBE; tetrabromoacetylene; tetrabromoethane; 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Pale-yellow liquid with a pungent odor similar to camphor or iodoform.
Boiling point	474°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	345.7
Freezing point/melting point	32°F	Vapor pressure	0.02 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.97	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0080
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Silica gel tube (150/75 mg) [SKC 226-10]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	50-100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2-1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (14 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	1 ppm (14 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix D - Substances With No Established RELs.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	8 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetylene tetrabromide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acetylene tetrabromide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane. See annual publication for most recent information.
Reid, J.B.: Saturated methyl halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (Chapter 62). In: Patty's Toxicology, 5^th Ed., Vol. 5, Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B., Powell, C.H. eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 185-189, 2001.
Morrow, L.A., Callender, T., Lottenberg, S., Buchsbaum, M.S., Hodgson, M.J., and Robin, N.: PET and neurobehavioral evidence of tetrabromoethane encephalopathy. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2(4) : 431-435, 1990.
Van Duuren, B.L., Goldschmidt, B.M., Loewengart, G., Smith, A.C., Melchionne, S., Seldman, I. and Roth, D.: Carcinogenicity of halogenated olefinic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 63(6): 1433-1439, 1979.

Last Updated Date : 03/25/2024

NITROETHANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-24-3
Formula	C₂H₅NO₂
Synonyms

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
Boiling point	239°F	Molecular weight	75.07
Freezing point/melting point	-130°F	Vapor pressure	21 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	106°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.05	Ionization potential	10.88 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1880
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tubes, 600 mg + 300 mg [SKC 226-3002A]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1.5-3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2526 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	2.1 ppm@9 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (310 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	100 ppm (310 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	100 ppm [1979]	PEL-TWA	100 ppm (310 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nitroethane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nitroethane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Nitroethane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2023

METHYL ACETATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-20-9
Formula	C₃H₆O₂
Synonyms	methyl ester of acetic acid; methyl ethanoate; methyl acetic ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a fragrant, fruity odor.
Boiling point	135°F	Molecular weight	74.1
Freezing point/melting point	-145°F	Vapor pressure	173 mmHg
Flash point	14°F	Vapor density	2.8
Specific gravity	0.93	Ionization potential	10.27 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	16%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1650
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.2-10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1458 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (610 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	200 ppm (610 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	200 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA	200 ppm (610 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	250 ppm (760 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	250 ppm [2012]	PEL-STEL	250 ppm (760 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl acetate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl acetate. See annual publication for most recent information.
Kumagai, S., Oda, H., Matsunaga, I, Kosaka, H. and Akasaka, S. Uptake of 10 polar organic solvents during short-term respiration. Toxicol. Sci. 48(2): 255-263, 1999.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Methyl Acetate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1512-1514.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

ACRYLIC ACID

Chemical Identification
CAS #	79-10-7
Formula	C₃H₄O₂
Synonyms	acroleic acid; acrylic acid, inhibited; aqueous acrylic acid (technical grade is 94%); ethylenecarboxylic acid; glacial acrylic acid (98% in aqueous solution); 2-propenoic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid or solid (below 55°F) with a distinctive, acrid odor.
Boiling point	286°F	Molecular weight	72.1
Freezing point/melting point	55°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg
Flash point	121°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.05	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.4%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8.02%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0117
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 708 tubes in series [SKC 226-30-08]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	LC-UV
Method reference	OSHA PV2005 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	2 ppm (6 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	2 ppm [1986]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (5.9 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 1 ppm/50 ppm/250 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acrylic acid, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acrylic acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acrylic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website. Acrylic Acid. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Black, K.A., Beskitt, J.L., Finch, L., Tallant, M.J., Udinsky, J.R. and Frantz, S.W. Disposition and metabolism of acrylic acid in C3H mice and Fischer 344 rats after oral and cutaneous administration. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 45(3): 291-311, 1995. vPohanish, R.P. (editor): Acrylic Acid. In Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 69-71.

Last Updated Date : 12/15/2020

CHLORINATED CAMPHENE (TOXAPHENE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2-NITROPROPANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIMETHYL CARBAMOYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DICHLOROACETIC ACID

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHACRYLIC ACID

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACETYLENE TETRABROMIDE (1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOETHANE)

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NITROETHANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ACETATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACRYLIC ACID

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References