C₁₂H₁₄N₄O₅S₂

benzenesulfonic acid, 4,4'-oxydi-dihydrazide; diphenyl ether 4,4'disulfohydrazaide; 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonic acid hydrazide); P,P'-oxybis(benzenesulfohydrazide)

0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [1997]

NA

NA

N

NA

Not established

Not established

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diphenyloxide-4,4'-disulfonyl hydrazide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diphenyloxide-4,4'-disulfonyl hydrazide

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - p,p'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide. See annual publication for most recent information.

mixture

ligroin; petroleum ether; petroleum spirit; refined solvent naphtha; varnish makers' & painters' naphtha

350 mg/m³

300 ppm (1350 mg/m³)

400 ppm (1800 mg/m³)

1800 mg/m³ [15 minutes]

NA

N

NA

N

Not established

TLV withdrawn in 2009 [VM&P naphtha 8032-32-4]. See Appendix H: Reciprocal Calculation Method for Certain Refined Hydrocarbon Solvent Vapor Mixtures

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Petroleum naphtha, [V.M.&P.]

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - VM&P naphtha

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Appendix H: Reciprocal Calculation Method for Certain Refined Hydrocarbon Solvent Vapor Mixtures. See annual publication for most recent information.
• NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Refined Petroleum Solvents. July 1977.
• NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Petroleum Distillates (Naphtha). 1978.
• NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - VM&P Naphtha.

Mixture

crude solvent coal tar naphtha; solvent naphtha (coal)

100 ppm (400 mg/m³)

100 ppm (400 mg/m³)

100 ppm (400 mg/m³)

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

TLV withdrawn in 2009. See Appendix H: Reciprocal Calculation Method for Certain Refined Hydrocarbon Solvent Vapor Mixtures

1000 ppm

10% of LEL

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Coal tar oil, [heavy distillate]

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Naphtha (coal tar)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 2017.
• Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123, (1981, January). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.

C₆H₁₅O₃PS₂

demeton methyl; O,O-dimethyl 2-ethylmercaptoethyl thiophosphate; metasystox; methyl mercaptophos; methyl systox

0.5 mg/m³

0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2006]

0.05 mg/m³

NA

Y

Y

Y

Not established

BEI®

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl demeton

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl demeton

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl demeton. See annual publication for most recent information.

Mixture

heavy mineral oil mist; paraffin oil mist; white mineral oil mist; petroleum-based cutting oils; mineral oil

Submit a sample of the bulk oil substance in a separate mailing container other than used for air samples. Indicate on the air sample submission sheet that a bulk sample has been submitted. Cutting oils may contain nitrosamines.The bulk sample is determined to fluoresce or not to fluoresce, and then the appropriate analysis method is used to perform the analysis (OSHA ID-128 (partially validated) [fluorescent], OSHA ID-178SG (partially validated) [non-fluorescent]).

5 mg/m³

5 mg/m³

Pure, highly and severely refined: 5 mg/m³ TWA (inhalable particulate matter). Poorly and mildly refined: Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. [2009]

5 mg/m³ (particulate)

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

2500 mg/m³

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Mineral oil

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Oil mist (mineral)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Mineral oil, excluding metal working fluids. See annual publication for most recent information.
• NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids, DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 98-102, (1998).
• NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Mineral Oil Mist. September 1978.
• Pryce, D.W., White, J, English, J.S.C. and Rycroft, R.J.G.: Soluble oil dermatitis: a review. J. Soc. Occup. Med. 39(3): 93-98, 1989.
• Skyberg, K., Rønneberg, A., Christensen, C.C., Næss-Andresen, C.F., Borgersen, A. and Refsum, H.E.: Lung function and radiographic signs of pulmonary fibrosis in oil exposed workers in a cable manufacturing company: a follow up study. Br. J. Ind. Med. 49(5): 309-315, 1992.
• Spickard, A., III and Hirschmann, J.V.: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Arch Intern. Med. 154(6): 686-692, 1994.
• Volckens J et al, Oil Mist Concentration: A Comparison of Sampling Methods, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Volume 60, 684-689, 1999
• Yitig, O., Bektas, F., Sayrac, AV, and Senay, E. Fire-eater's pneumonia: two case reports of accidentally aspirated paraffin oil. J Emerg Med. 42(4): 417-419, 2012

Mixture

fuel oil No. 1; range oil; coal oil; [Note: A refined petroleum solvent (predominantly C9-C16), which typically is 25% normal paraffins, 11% branched paraffins, 30% monocycloparaffins, 12% dicycloparaffins, 1% tricycloparaffins, 16% mononuclear aromatics & 5% dinuclear aromatics.]

100 mg/m³

200 mg/m³ [2003]* (Kerosene Jet fuels, as total hydrocarbon vapor)

NA

N

Y

NA

Not established

*Application restricted to conditions in which there are negligible aerosol exposures.

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Kerosene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Kerosene

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Kerosene [8008-20-6; 6472-81-0] Jet fuels, as total hydrocarbon vapor. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Franquet, T., Gomez-Santos, D., Gimenez, A., Torrubia, S. and Monill, J.M.: Fire eater's pneumonia: radiographic and CT findings. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 24(3): 448-450, 2000.
• Koschier, F.J.: Toxicity of middle distillates from dermal exposure. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 22(1): 155-164, 1999.
• Nessel, C.S.: A comprehensive evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of middle distillate fuels. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 22(1): 165-180, 1999.

C₁₀H₁₆ (approx)

gumspirits; gum turpentine; spirits of turpentine; steam distilled turpentine; sulfate wood turpentine; turps; wood turpentine

100 ppm (560 mg/m³)

100 ppm (560 mg/m³)

20 ppm [2001]

100 ppm (560 mg/m³)

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1

dermal sensitization (DSEN)

800 ppm

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Turpentine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Turpentine

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Turpentine [8006-64-2] and selected monoterpenes [80-56-8; 127-91-3; 13466-78-9]. See annual publication for most recent information.

Mixture

motor fuel; motor spirits; natural gasoline; petrol [Note: A complex mixture of volatile hydrocarbons (paraffins; cycloparaffins & aromatics).]

300 ppm [1990]

300 ppm (900 mg/m³)

500 ppm [1990]

500 ppm (1500 mg/m³)

N

N

N

N

There is no OSHA PEL established for gasoline. The composition of these materials varies greatly. The content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be determined individually.

CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 15 ppm). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.

Ca

200 ppm/1000 ppm/4000 ppm

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Gasoline

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Gasoline

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Gasoline. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Ahmed, F.E.: Toxicology and human health effects following exposure to oxygenated or reformulated gasoline. Toxicol. Lett. 123(2-3): 89-113, 2001.
• Burbacher, T.M.: Neurotoxic effects of gasoline and gasoline constituents. Environ. Health Perspect. 101(Suppl. 6): 133-141, 1993.
• Caprino, L. and Togna, G.I.: Potential health effects of gasoline and its constituents: a review of current literature (1990-1997) on toxicological data. Environ. Health Perspect. 106(3): 115-125, 1998.
• Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Gasoline. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1202-1204.
• Ritchie, G.D., Still, K.R., Alexander, W.K., Nordholm, A.F., Wilson, C.L., Rossi, J. III and Mattie, D.R.: A review of the neurotoxicity risk of selected hydrocarbon fuels. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 4(3): 223-312, 2001.

No formula

Cinerin I or II; Jasmolin I or II; Pyrethrin I or II; Pyrethrins; pyrethrum I or II [Note: Pyrethrum is a variable mixture of Cinerin, Jasmolin, and pyrethrin.]

Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

5 mg/m³

5 mg/m³

5 mg/m³ [1992]

5 mg/m³

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

5000 mg/m³

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Pyrethrins, [liquid]

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Pyrethrum

Literature References

• NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Pyrethrins, [solid].
• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pyrethrum. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Pyrethroids pesticides. In Third National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, June 2005, DHHS/CDC. Atlanta: National Center for Environmental Health Division of Laboratory Sciences, NCEH Pub. No. 05-0570, pp. 405-415.
• Bass, C., Schroeder, I., Turberg, A., Field, L.M. and Williamson, M.S.: Identification of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in the para-type sodium channel of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34(12): 1305-1313, 2004.
• Elflein, L., Berger-Preiss, E., Preiss, A., Elend, M., Levsen, K. and Wunsch, G.: Human biomonitoring of pyrethrum and pyrethroid insecticides used indoors: determination of the metabolites E-cis/trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 795(2): 195-207, 2003.
• Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Pyrethrins or Pyrethrum. In Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1986-1988.
• Sonderlund, D.M., et al. Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. Toxicology 171(1): 3-59, 2002.

C₁₈-C₃₆

paraffin fume; paraffin scale fume

2 mg/m³

2 mg/m³ [1972]

2 mg/m³

NA

N

N

N

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Waxes: Paraffin

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Paraffin wax fume

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Paraffin wax fume. See annual publication for most recent information.