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ROTENONE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	83-79-4
Formula	C₂₃H₂₂O₆
Synonyms	1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methyl-ethenyl)-[1]benzopyrano [3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1] benzopyran-6(6aH)-one

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to red, odorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point	410-428°F	Molecular weight	394.42
Freezing point/melting point	329-331°F	Vapor pressure	<0.00004 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.27	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2228
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	PTFE filter, 1 µm [SKC 225-2705]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	8-400 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1-4 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	NIOSH 5007 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2500 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Rotenone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Rotenone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Rotenone (commercial). See annual publication for most recent information.
Gao, H.M., Hong, J.S., Zhang, W. and Liu, B.: Synergistic dopaminergic neurotoxicity of the pesticide rotenone and inflammogen lipopolysaccharide: relevance to the etiology of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 23(4): 1228-1236, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Rotenone. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2007-2009.
Sherer, T.B., et al.: Mechanism of toxicity in rotenone models of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 23(34): 10756-10764, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

PINDONE (2-PIVALYL-1,3-INDANDIONE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	83-26-1
Formula	C₁₄H₁₄O₃
Synonyms	tert-butyl valone; 1,3-dioxo-2-pivaloy-lindane; pival; pivalyl; 2-pivalyl-1,3-indandione

Physical Properties
Physical description	Bright-yellow powder with almost no odor.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	230.27
Freezing point/melting point	230°F	Vapor pressure	Very low
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.06	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Pindone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Pindone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pindone. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	82-68-8
Formula	C₆Cl₅NO₂
Synonyms	quintozene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Crystalline pale yellow to white solid or powder with a musty moth ball odor.
Boiling point	622°F	Molecular weight	295.34
Freezing point/melting point	295°F	Vapor pressure	0.013 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.5 mg/m³ [1988]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Quintozene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Quintozene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Pentachloronitrobenzene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	822-06-0
Formula	C₈H₁₂N₂O₂
Synonyms	1,6-diisocyanatohexane, HDI, hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Boiling point	415°F	Molecular weight	168.2
Freezing point/melting point	-89°F	Vapor pressure	0.5 mmHg
Flash point	284°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.0528	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1377
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Isocyanate Sampling Filter Kit - GFF (37 mm, open-faced) coated with 1 mg 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine [SLTC103]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	UHPLC
Method reference	OSHA 5002 (fully validated)
Notes	Results may not reflect accurate exposures to the polymeric forms of isocyanates. Refrigerate coated filters until used. Sample open-faced!!
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Hazard Assessment Test Kit for Aliphatic Isocyanates
Model/Type	769-1003
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	Isocyanate Surface and Dermal Sampling, Hazard Assessment Test Kit for Aliphatic Isocyanates

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.005 ppm (0.035 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.005 ppm [1985]	PEL-TWA	0.005 ppm (0.034 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.020 ppm (0.140 mg/m³) [10 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexamethylene diisocyanate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexamethylene diisocyanate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexamethylene diisocyanate. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA: Hazard Summary - Hexamethylene Diisocyanate.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Diisocyanates. September 1978.
NIOSH: Preventing Asthma and Death from Diisocyanate Exposure. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-111. 1996.
NIOSH: Recommendation for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements . Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH Publication No. 92-100. 1992.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Hexamethylene Diisocyanate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, pp. 1252-1254, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 04/02/2025

WARFARIN†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	81-81-2
Formula	C₁₉H₁₆O₄
Synonyms	3-(α-Acetonyl)-benzyl-4-hydroxycoumarin; 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl butyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; WARF

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, odorless, crystalline powder or solid.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	308.32
Freezing point/melting point	322°F	Vapor pressure	0.09 mmHg at 71°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2586
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	PTFE filter, 1 µm [SKC 225-2705]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	200-1000 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1-4 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	NIOSH 5002 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.01 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2015]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Warfarin

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Warfarin

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Warfarin. See annual publication for most recent information.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Warfarin. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2337-2339.
Wittkowsky, A.K.: Warfarin and other coumarin derivatives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. Semin. Vasc. Med. 3(3): 221-230, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

DEMETON (SYSTOX)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	8065-48-3
Formula	C₈H₁₉O₃PS₂.C₈H₁₉O₃PS₂
Synonyms	o-o-diethyl-o(and S)-2-(ethylthio)ethyl phosphorothioate mixture; Systox; Mercaptophos

Physical Properties
Physical description	Amber, oily liquid with a sulfur-like odor.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	258.3
Freezing point/melting point	-13°F	Vapor pressure	0.0003 mmHg
Flash point	113°F	Vapor density	heavier than air
Specific gravity	1.12	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	5.3%
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [1998]	PEL-TWA	0.01 ppm (0.1 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	10 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Demeton

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Demeton

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Demeton. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

METHYL METHACRYLATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	80-62-6
Formula	C₅H₈O₂
Synonyms	methacrylate monomer; methyl ester of methacrylic acid; methyl methacrylate monomer; uninhibited; methyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with an acrid, fruity odor.
Boiling point	214°F	Molecular weight	100.1
Freezing point/melting point	-54°F	Vapor pressure	29 mmHg
Flash point	50°F (open cup)	Vapor density	3.45
Specific gravity	0.94	Ionization potential	9.70 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.7%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8.2%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1774
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) coated with 10% t-butylcatechol [SKC 226-73]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 94 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (410 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	100 ppm (410 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (205 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	100 ppm [1992]	PEL-STEL	100 ppm (410 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: dermal sensitizer (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4, EPA-NL; E		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl methacrylate monomer

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl methacrylate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl Methacrylate. See annual publication for most recent information.
California Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board: Initial and Final Statement of Reasons. July 6, 2006.
EPA: Integrated Risk Information System - Methyl Methacrylate (CASRN 80-62-6). March 2, 1998.
Fisher, A.A. and Baran, R.L.: Adverse reactions to acrylate sculptured nails with particular reference to prolonged paresthesia. Am. J. Contact Dermatitis 2(1): 38-42, 1991.
Freeman, S., Lee, M.-S. and Gudmundsen, K.: Adverse contact reactions to sculpted acrylic nails: 4 case reports and a literature review. Contact Dermatitis 33(6): 381-385, 1995.
Mizunuma, K., et al.: Biological monitoring and possible health effects in workers occupationally exposed to methyl methacrylate. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 65(4): 227-232, 1993.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Methyl Methacrylate. September 1978.
Piirilä, P., et al.: Occupational respiratory hypersensitivity caused by preparations containing acrylates in dental personnel. Clin. Exp. Allergy 28(11): 1404-1411, 1998.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

α-PINENE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	80-56-8
Formula	C₁₀H₁₆
Synonyms	bicyclo[3.1.1.]hept-2-ene,2,6,6-trimethyl; 2-pinene; acitene A; 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1.]-hept-2-ene

Physical Properties
Physical description	A clear colorless liquid with a turpentine odor.
Boiling point	313.2°F	Molecular weight	136.24
Freezing point/melting point	-67°F	Vapor pressure	10 mmHg at 99.1°F
Flash point	91°F	Vapor density	4.7
Specific gravity	0.858	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	P127
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-30 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1552 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Photoionization detector (PID)
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	20 ppm [2001]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: dermal sensitizer (DSEN); as Turpentine and selected monoterpenes		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - α-Pinene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - α-Pinene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Turpentine [8006-64-2] and selected monoterpenes. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

ASPHALT FUMES (PETROLEUM)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	8052-42-4
Formula	Mixture
Synonyms	asphalt; asphaltum; bitumen; petroleum asphalt; petroleum bitumen; road asphalt; roofing asphalt

Physical Properties
Physical description	Fumes generated during the production or application of asphalt (a dark-brown to black cement-like substance manufactured by the vacuum distillation of crude petroleum oil).
Boiling point		Molecular weight	varies
Freezing point/melting point	110°F	Vapor pressure	depends upon the specific compound
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	0	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0290
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	tared 37 mm PTFE (2 µm)
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	28-400 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1-4 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric
Method reference	NIOSH 5042 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [1999]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	5 mg/m³ [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established. See 29 CFR 1910.1002, Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A4		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Asphalt

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Asphalt Fumes

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Asphalt (Bitumen) fumes. See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. National Library of Medicine, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, Asphalt - Human Health Effects

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

STODDARD SOLVENT†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	8052-41-3
Formula	Mixture
Synonyms	dry cleaning safety solvent; mineral spirits; petroleum solvent; spotting naphtha

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a kerosene-like odor.
Boiling point	309-396°F	Molecular weight	varies
Freezing point/melting point	102-110°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point	102-110°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.78	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	5%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2270
Sampling group	OVSG-1
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 48 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	500 ppm (2900 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	350 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	100 ppm [1980]	PEL-TWA	100 ppm (525 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	1800 mg/m³ [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: The OSHA Construction and Maritime Industries PEL is 200 ppm (1150 mg/m³) as an 8 hr TWA. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1, 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	20,000 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Stoddard solvent

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Stoddard solvent

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Stoddard Solvent. See annual publication for most recent information.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Stoddard Solvent [3 MB PDF, 169 pages]. 1995.
Bazylewicz-Walczak, B., Marzal-Wisniewska, M. and Siuda, A.: The psychological effects of chronic exposure to white spirit in rubber industry workers. Pol. J. Occup. Med. 3(1): 117-127, 1990.
Järnberg, J., Johanson, G., Lof, A. and Stahlbom, B.: Toxicokinetics of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in humans exposed to vapors of white spirit: comparison with exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene alone. Arch. Toxicol. 72(8): 483-491, 1998.
NTP: NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Stoddard Solvent IIC (CAS No. 64742-88-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser. (519): 1-274, September 2004.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Stoddard Solvent. 1978.

Last Updated Date : 07/15/2022

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
CSC Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh), [SKC 226-01]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Isobutyl Acetate	1534	No
n-Butyl Acetate	0440	No
sec-Butyl Acetate	0441	No
tert-Butyl Acetate	0442	No
Toluene**	2460	No
Ethyl Benzene	1080	No
Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene)**	2020	No
Trichloroethylene**	2490	No
Xylene	2590	No
Trimethylbenzene	2505	No
Benzene***	0320	No
Ethyl Acetate****	1040	No
n-Propyl Acetate‡	2180	No
Pentane‡‡	1990	No
Cyclohexane‡‡‡	0810	No
Heptane*	1371	No
n-Hexane‡‡‡‡	1380	No
Nonane*	N807	No
Octane*	1957	No

Notes

Request any (up to three (3)) of these analytes together.

Alternatively request IMIS Code Q115 and SLTC will report any significant amounts of these analytes.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

Toluene, sec-Butyl Acetate, Benzene and Isobutyl Alcohol all have/are known interferences. Please indicate on the 91A which of these compounds are known to be present.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*80 min (4L)

**Peak sampling 1 min (0.05 L) and Ceiling sampling 5 min (0.25 L)

***STEL sampling 15 min (0.75 L)

****120 min (6 L)

‡200 min (10 L)

‡‡45 min (2.25 L)

‡‡‡190 min (9.5 L)

‡‡‡‡98 min (4.9 L)

ROTENONE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PINDONE (2-PIVALYL-1,3-INDANDIONE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

WARFARIN†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DEMETON (SYSTOX)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL METHACRYLATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

α-PINENE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ASPHALT FUMES (PETROLEUM)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

STODDARD SOLVENT†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References