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PORTLAND CEMENT†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	65997-15-1
Formula	Mixture
Synonyms	cement; hydraulic cement; Portland cement silicate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Gray to white, odorless powder.
Boiling point		Molecular weight
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0577 (total); request using analyte code 9135	P104 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total), 5 mg/m³ (resp)	TLV-TWA	1 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [2009]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 and 1910.1000 Table Z-3, Mineral Dusts, [as Silicates (less than 1% crystalline silica): 50 mppcf].		Notes:		Notes: The TLV value is for particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica.		Notes: As particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOR); see also footnote (n).
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	5000 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Portland cement

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Portland cement

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Portland Cement. See annual publication for most recent information.
AbuDhaise, B.A., Rabi, A.Z., al Zwairy, M.A., el Hader, A.F. and el Qaderi, S.: Pulmonary manifestations in cement workers in Jordan. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 10(4): 417-428, 1997.
Al-Neaimi, Y.I., Gomes, J. and Lloyd, O.L.: Respiratory illnesses and ventilatory function among workers at a cement factory in a rapidly developing country. Occup. Med. 51(6): 367-373, 2001.
Ballal, S.G., Ahmed, H.O., Ali, B.A., Albar, A.A. and Alhasan, A.Y.: Pulmonary effects of occupational exposure to Portland cement: a study from eastern Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 10(3): 272-277, 2004.
McCunney, R.J. and Godefroi, R.: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and cement dust: a case report. J. Occup. Med. 31(3): 233-237, 1989.
Mwaiselage, J., Bråtveit, M., Moen, B. and Mashalla, Y.: Cement dust exposure and ventilatory function impairment: an exposure-response study. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46(7): 658-657, 2004.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Portland Cement. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1905-1906.
Smailyte, G., Kurtinaitis, J. and Andersen, A.: Mortality and cancer incidence among Lithuanian cement producing workers. Occup. Environ. Med. 61(6): 529-534, 2004.
Tosti, A., Peluso, A.M. and Varotti, C.: Skin burns due to transit-mixed Portland cement. Contact Dermatitis 21(1): 58, 1989.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES (BENZENE-SOLUBLE FRACTION), (PYRENE, PHENANTHRENE, ACRIDINE, CHRYSENE, ANTHRACENE AND BENZO(A)PYRENE)‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	65996-93-2
Formula	Mixture
Synonyms	coal tar pitch high temperature; oil pitch; pitch; CTPHT; coal tar distillates; other synonyms vary depending upon the specific compound (e.g., pyrene, phenanthrene, acridine, chrysene, anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene).

Physical Properties
Physical description	Black viscous liquid with an odor of aromatic solvent.
Boiling point	>150°F	Molecular weight
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	depends upon the specific compound
Flash point	>842°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	>1.1	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0700
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles (CTPV) Sampling Filters and Cassette [SLTC109]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 58 (fully validated)
Notes	After sampling, filter must be transferred to a vial with a teflon-lined cap. Sample must be protected from direct sunlight. If chemicals are present that may be soluble in benzene, such as sulfur, please note them on the 91A form, because additional analyses may be possible to determine the extent of interference.
Special requirements	These media are prepared by SLTC as needed and are not available for immediate shipment. Please allow time for SLTC to prepare these media prior to sampling.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³ (benzene-soluble fraction)	REL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ (cyclohexane-extractable fraction)	TLV-TWA	0.2 mg/m³ (benzene-soluble aerosol) [1984]	PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 and 1910.1002 - Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	80 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, TLV-A1		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not Listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Coal tar pitch volatiles

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B., Powell, C.H.: Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. p. 1:773, 2001.
California Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board: Initial and Final Statement of Reasons August 3, 2010.
Jongeneelen, F.: Biological exposure limit for occupational exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles at cokeovens. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 63(8):511-516, 1992.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles. 1978
NIOSH/CEC/IPCS: International Chemical Safety Cards - Coal Tar Pitch. March 2002.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

1,3-DIOXOLANE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	646-06-0
Formula	C₃H₆O₂
Synonyms	1,3-dioxacyclopentane; dihydro-1,3-dioxole; ethylene glycol formal; formal glycol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	74.09
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	20 ppm [1997]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dioxolane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dioxolane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1,3-Dioxolane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/14/2020

1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	6423-43-4
Formula	CH₃CNO₂OHCHNO₂OH
Synonyms	PGDN; propylene glycol-1,2-dinitrate; 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a disagreeable odor.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	166.1
Freezing point/melting point	18°F	Vapor pressure	0.07 mmHg at 72°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.23 at 77°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.05 ppm [1980]	PEL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Propylene glycol dinitrate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Propylene glycol dinitrate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Propylene glycol dinitrate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/14/2020

ACETIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	64-19-7
Formula	C₂H₄O₂
Synonyms	acetic acid (aqueous); ethanoic acid; glacial acetic acid (pure compound); methanecarboxylic acid [Note: Can be found in concentrations of 5-8% in vinegar.]

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid or crystals with a sour, vinegar-like odor.
Boiling point	244°F	Molecular weight	60.1
Freezing point/melting point	62°F	Vapor pressure	11 mmHg
Flash point	103°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.05	Ionization potential	10.66 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	4.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	19.9% at 200°F
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0020
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	48 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA PV2119 (partially validated)
Notes	OSHA staff: Butyric and propionic acids are interferences in the acetic acid analysis. Therefore, presence of butyric and propionic acids should be noted on 91-A form.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]
Bulk Method	Available

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 81	Acetic Acid, 2-50 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-2 strokes, 0.2-100 ppm range, uncertainty 0% for 2 to 10 ppm, 5% for 10 to 50 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	15 ppm (37 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	15 ppm (37 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	40 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 5 ppm/35 ppm/250 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetic acid, solution, more than 80% acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acetic Acid

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetic acid, solution, more than 10% but not more than 80% acid.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acetic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Boylstein, R., Piacitelli, C., Grote, A., Kanwal, R., Kullman, G. and Kreiss, K. Diacetyl emissions and airborne dust from butter flavorings used in microwave popcorn production. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 3(10): 530-535, 2006.
Johansson, A.K., Johansson, A., Stan, V. and Ohlson, C.G. Silicone sealers, acetic acid vapours and dental erosion: a work-related risk? Swed. Dent. J. 29(2): 61-69, 2005.
Kanwal, R., et al. NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Report, HETA #2000-0401-2991 . Gilster-Mary Lee Corporation - Jasper, Missouri, January 2006.
Kern, D.G.: Outbreak of the reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after a spill of glacial acetic acid. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144(5): 1058-1064, 1991.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Acetic Acid . In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 30-32.
Zuskin, E., Mustajbegovic, J., Schachter, E.N., Pavicic, D. and Budak, A.: A follow-up study of respiratory function in workers exposed to acid aerosols in a food-processing industry. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 70(6): 413-418, 1997.

Last Updated Date : 03/27/2024

FORMIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	64-18-6
Formula	CH₂O₂
Synonyms	hydrogen carboxylic acid; methanoic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pungent, penetrating odor.
Boiling point	224°F (90% solution)	Molecular weight	46.02
Freezing point/melting point	20°F (90% solution)	Vapor pressure	35 mmHg
Flash point	122°F (90% solution, open-cup)	Vapor density	1.6
Specific gravity	1.22 (90% solution)	Ionization potential	11.05 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	18% (90% solution)	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	57% (90% solution)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1310
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Sorbent tube, silica gel, specially cleaned, 7 x 110-mm size, 2 (200/400 mg sorbent) with GS ends and WWGW separators [SKC 226-10-03]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 - 0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	NIOSH 2011 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples requesting formic acid must be shipped to the laboratory ASAP and kept cold.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (9 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	5 ppm (9 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1965]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (9 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	10 ppm [1965]	PEL-STEL	10 ppm (19 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	30 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 3 ppm/25 ppm/250 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Formic acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Formic acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Formic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Barceloux, D.G., et al.: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 40(4): 415-446, 2002.
Berode, M., Sethre, T., Läubli, T. and Savolainen, H.: Urinary methanol and formic acid as indicators of occupational exposure to methyl formate. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 73(6): 410-414, 2000.
d'Alessandro, A., Osterloh, J.D., Chuwers, P., Quinlan, P.J., Kelly, T.J. and Becker, C.E.: Formate in serum and urine after controlled methanol exposure at the threshold limit value. Environ. Health Perspect. 102(2): 178-181, 1994.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Formic Acid. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1186-1188.
Sigurdsson, J., Bjornsson, A. and Gudmundsson, S.T.: Formic acid burn-local and systemic effects. Report of a case. Burns Incl. Therm. Inj. 9(5): 358-361, 1983.

Last Updated Date : 12/29/2020

PHENYLPHOSPHINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	638-21-1
Formula	C₆H₇P
Synonyms	fenylfosfin; PF; phosphaniline

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid with a foul odor.
Boiling point	320°F	Molecular weight	110.1
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density	3.79
Specific gravity	1.001 at 59°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.05 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.05 ppm [1992]	PEL-C	0.05 ppm (0.25 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phenyl phosphine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phenylphosphine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phenylphosphine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

ETHYL-TERT-BUTYL ETHER

Chemical Identification
CAS #	637-92-3
Formula	C₆H₁₄O
Synonyms	ETBE; 2-methyl-2-ethoxypropane; tert-butyl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane; ethyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ethyl ether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear light yellow liquid.
Boiling point	163.6°F	Molecular weight	102.18
Freezing point/melting point	-137°F	Vapor pressure	10 mmHg
Flash point	-3°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.7519	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	25 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 2-Methyl-2-ethoxypropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 2-Methyl-2-ethoxypropane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl tert-butyl ether. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

CARBARYL†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	63-25-2
Formula	C₁₂H₁₁NO₂
Synonyms	α-naphthyl N-methyl-carbamate; 1-naphthyl N-methyl-carbamate; Sevin

Physical Properties
Physical description	White or gray, odorless solid.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	201.2
Freezing point/melting point	293°F	Vapor pressure	<0.00004 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.23	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0525
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	60 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC-UV
Method reference	OSHA 63 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³	REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbaryl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbaryl

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbaryl. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Carbaryl. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Branch, R.A. and Jacqz, E.: Subacute neurotoxicity following long-term exposure to carbaryl. Am. J. Med. 80(4): 741-745, 1986.
Dickoff, D.J., Gerber, O. and Turovsky, Z.: Delayed neurotoxicity after ingestion of carbamate pesticide. Neurology 37(7): 1229-1231, 1987.
Ehrich, M., Jortner, B.S. and Padilla, S.: Comparison of the relative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase in rats and hens given cholinesterase inhibitors. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 24(1): 94-101, 1995.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Carbaryl. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 484-486.
Tang, J., Cao, Y., Rose, R.L. and Hodgson, E.: In vitro metabolism of carbaryl by human cytochrome P450 and its inhibition by chlorpyrifos. Chem. Biol. Interact. 141(3): 229-241, 2002.
Zheng, T., Zahm, S.H., Cantor, KP. Weisenburger, D.D., Zhang, Y. and Blair A.: Agricultural exposure to carbamate pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 43(7): 641-649, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 04/09/2024

CARBON MONOXIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	630-08-0
Formula	CO
Synonyms	carbon oxide; flue gas; monoxide; carboxyhemoglobin/COHb

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, odorless gas.
Boiling point	-313°F	Molecular weight	28.0
Freezing point/melting point	-337°F	Vapor pressure	>35 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	0.97
Specific gravity	0.791 at -312.7°F	Ionization potential	14.01 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	12.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	74%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0560	0560	C730 (COHb)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Dräger X-am 5600 Multi-Gas Detector with a Dräger XXS CO LC electrochemical sensor.	Five layer aluminized gas sampling bag [Calibrated Instruments GSB-P/10]
Sampling time^*			Contact the SLTC Physical Measurements Team Leader in cases where CO poisoning affects more than 4 individuals. The most practical use of resources sometimes requires evaluating the most severely affected employees.
Sampling volume (TWA)^*		2-5 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*		0.01-0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*		2-5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*		0.3 L/min
Analytical method instruments		GC-DID
Method reference	OSHA 1026 (fully validated)	OSHA ID-210 (fully validated)
Notes	If nitric oxide (NO) is present at the monitoring site, please notify the OTC when requesting a monitoring kit and each provided gas monitor will be equipped with both CO and NO sensors. Do not use this method when hydrogen, acetylene, or ethene are present.	Use detector tubes for screening. If greater than PEL, order gas sampling bags. *Note for sampling with Cali-5-BondTM, 10 liter, five layer aluminized gas sampling bag: This gas sampling bag has an integrated twist on/off valve (V-NPB-2/00) Septum (A-SEPT/.750). The nickel-plated brass connection allows the user to control gas flow into or out of the bag by twisting the barbed stem open (counterclockwise) or closed (clockwise). The jagged barb firmly secures 3/16″ ID sample tubing to the stem of the valve.	COHb analysis is a routine measurement during the medical response to a suspected CO-poisoning incident or from an autopsy after a suspected CO-poisoning incident. As a result, the COHb analysis is performed using a blood-gas instrument that is part of a quality system. The COHb analysis is not performed at the SLTC. Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is determined by calculation based on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) measurements provided by medical professionals as described below. OSHA uses a modified Coburn, Forster, Kane (CFK) Calculation. The documented SLTC modifications (printed in the supplemental report that accompanies the results) use a more accurate version of the CFK equation than the closed-form [e.g., ppm CO = f(x,y,z,...)] version used in the 1972 NIOSH criteria document for the purpose of calculating the 8-hr TWA ppm REL that would result in a 5% COHb level [U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Carbon Monoxide. Pub. No. HSM 73-11000. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH (1972).] The calculation also provides an incident-specific sampling and analytical error (SAE) based on a Monte-Carlo approach designed to deal with the uncertainties in the data. The calculation is performed at the SLTC and the results are critically assessed for correctness by the SLTC experts prior to reporting. The SLTC is available to assist the CSHO with acquiring the data and interpreting the results.
Special requirements			The exposure incident is documented on a worksheet. Personal information is used to assess the affect of any tobacco smoking behavior (before, during and after the exposure), blood volume, and activity levels (during and after the exposure). Post-exposure delay to sampling is preferable less than approx 6 hours for living persons. Longer delays may result in significantly higher SAEs or the inability to distinguish an overexposure from baseline for an individual. Contact Scott Jones at 801-233-4962 [OSHA staff only]. For further information please enroll in the Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) training resource in course mill “TR_CO Calculated from Carboxyhemoglobin”.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector	Single Gas Detector
Model/Type	Carbon monoxide, 5-150 ppm range	BW Solo (BWS1 CO)	Dräger Pac 6500 CO (8327614)	Dräger Pac 7000 CO (8318970)	GasBadge Pro (1810-0060)	ToxiRAE Pro (G02-BF10-100)
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)		Honeywell Safety	Dräger Portable Gas Detection	Dräger Portable Gas Detection	Industrial Scientific	Honeywell Safety

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	50 ppm (55 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	35 ppm (40 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	25 ppm (29 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	200 ppm
PEL-C		REL-C	200 ppm (229 mg/m³)	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 200 ppm/350 ppm/500 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbon monoxide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon monoxide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbon monoxide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS/ NIOSH Publication No. 81-123, (January 1981). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.
ATSDR: Toxicological profile for carbon monoxide. June 2012.
EPA: Integrated Science Assessment for Carbon Monoxide (Final Report). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-09/019F. January 29, 2010.
NIOSH: Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Carbon Monoxide. 1972.
Sari I, Zengin S, Ozer O, Davutoglu V, Yildirim C, Aksoy M: Chronic carbon monoxide exposure increases electrocardiographic P-wave and QT dispersion. Inhal Toxicol. 20(9):879-84, July 2008.

Last Updated Date : 11/01/2024

PORTLAND CEMENT†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES (BENZENE-SOLUBLE FRACTION), (PYRENE, PHENANTHRENE, ACRIDINE, CHRYSENE, ANTHRACENE AND BENZO(A)PYRENE)‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

1,3-DIOXOLANE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACETIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

FORMIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PHENYLPHOSPHINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL-TERT-BUTYL ETHER

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBARYL†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBON MONOXIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References