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HEXAFLUOROACETONE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	684-16-2
Formula	C₃F₆O
Synonyms	hexafluoro-2-propanone; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanone; HFA; perfluoroacetone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a musty odor.
Boiling point	-18°F	Molecular weight	166
Freezing point/melting point	-188°F	Vapor pressure	5.8 atm
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	11.81 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1986]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/1 ppm/50 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexafluoroacetone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexafluoroacetone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexafluoroacetone. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

METHYL SILICATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	681-84-5
Formula	C₄H₁₂O₄Si
Synonyms	methyl orthosilicate; tetramethoxysilane; tetramethyl ester of silicic acid; tetramethyl silicate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid.
Boiling point	250°F	Molecular weight	152.3
Freezing point/melting point	28°F	Vapor pressure	12 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	205°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.02	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm (6 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1978]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (6 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	5 ppm (30 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: The OSHA PEL applies to Construction and Maritime Industries only. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/10 ppm/20 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl orthosilicate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl silicate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl silicate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 06/01/2022

DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68-12-2
Formula	C₃H₇NO
Synonyms	DMF; DMFA; N,N-dimethylformamide; composite constituent; dimethyl formamide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a faint, amine-like odor.
Boiling point	307°F	Molecular weight	73.1
Freezing point/melting point	-78°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg
Flash point	136°F	Vapor density	2.51
Specific gravity	0.95	Ionization potential	9.12 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.2% at 212°F	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.2% at 212°F
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0930
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-NPD
Method reference	OSHA 66 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 2 ppm/100 ppm/200 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N,N-Dimethylformamide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dimethylformamide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dimethylformamide. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: N,N-Dimethylformamide. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Angerer, J., Göen, T., Krämer, A. and Käfferlein, H.U.: N-methylcarbamoyl adducts at the N-terminal valine of globin in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide. Arch. Toxicol. 72(5): 309-313, 1998.
Chang, H.-Y., Shih, T.-S., Guo, Y.-L., Tsai, C.-Y. and Hsu, P.-C.: Sperm function in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide in the synthetic leather industry. Fertil. Steril. 81(6): 1589-1594, 2004.
Chang, H.-Y., Tsai, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-Q., Shih, T.-S., and Lin, W.-C.: Total body burden arising from a week's repeated dermal exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide. Occup. Environ. Med. 62(3): 151-156, 2005.
Cox, N.H. and Mustchin, C.P.: Prolonged spontaneous and alcohol-induced flushing due to the solvent dimethylformamide. Contact Dermatitis 24(1): 69-70, 1991.
Dimethylformamide. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(Pt. 2): 545-574, 1999.
Käfferlein, H.U., et al.: The use of biomarkers of exposure of N,N-dimethylformamide in health risk assessment and occupational hygiene in the polyacrylic fibre industry. Occup. Environ. Med. 62(5): 330-336, 2005.
Mráz, J., Dušková, Š., Gálová, E., Nohová, H. and Brabec, M.: Biological monitoring of N,N-dimethylformamide. Reference value for N-methylcarbamoyl adduct at the N-terminal valine as a biomarker of chronic occupational exposure. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 75(Suppl.): S93-96, 2002.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): N,N-Dimethylformamide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 926-928.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

THIOGLYCOLIC ACID

Chemical Identification
CAS #	68-11-1
Formula	C₂H₄O₂S
Synonyms	Acetyl mercaptan; Mercaptoacetate; Mercaptoacetic acid; 2-Mercaptoacetic acid; 2-Thioglycolic acid; Thiovanic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a strong, disagreeable odor characteristic of mercaptans.
Boiling point	248°F at 20 mmHg	Molecular weight	92.12
Freezing point/melting point	2.3°F	Vapor pressure	10 mmHg at 64°F
Flash point	235°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.33	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	5.9%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm (4 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [2017]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (3.8 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: dermal sensitization (DSEN)		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Thioglycolic acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Thioglycolic acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Thioglycolic acid. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/13/2021

HEXAMETHYL PHOSPHORAMIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	680-31-9
Formula	C₆H₁₈N₃OP
Synonyms	hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide; hexamethylphosphorotriamide; HMPA; tris(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide; HEMPA; HMPT

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless to light amber liquid with an aromatic or mild, amine-like odor.
Boiling point	451°F	Molecular weight	179.2
Freezing point/melting point	43°F	Vapor pressure	0.03 mmHg
Flash point	220°F	Vapor density	6.18
Specific gravity	1.024	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	No TLV value [1990]	PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP-R,IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexamethylphosphoramide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexamethyl phosphoramide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexamethyl phosphoramide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

HEXACHLOROETHANE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	67-72-1
Formula	C₂Cl₆
Synonyms	carbon hexachloride; ethane hexachloride; perchloroethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless crystals with a camphor-like odor.
Boiling point	368.2°F (sublimes)	Molecular weight	236.7
Freezing point/melting point	368.2°F (sublimes)	Vapor pressure	0.2 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	8.16
Specific gravity	2.09	Ionization potential	11.22 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1372
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.09 ppm@12.8 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (10 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	1 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	300 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP-R, NIOSH-Ca, IARC-2B, TLV-A3, EPA-C		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hexachloroethane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexachloroethane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hexachloroethane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

CHLOROFORM (TRICHLOROMETHANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	67-66-3
Formula	CHCl₃
Synonyms	methane trichloride; trichloromethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Boiling point	143°F	Molecular weight	119.4
Freezing point/melting point	-82°F	Vapor pressure	160 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	4.12
Specific gravity	1.48	Ionization potential	11.42 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0670
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Chloroform 2/a, 6728861	Gastec 137L	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-152S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	10 strokes, approx 1-10 ppm range, uncertainty approx 33%	3-5 strokes, 0.1-27 ppm range, uncertainty 16% for 0.5-2 ppm, 8% for 2-10 ppm	2-4 strokes, approx 20-500 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	2 ppm (9.78 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	2 ppm (9.78 mg/m³) [60 minutes]	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	50 ppm (240 mg/m³)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3, EPA-B2; L; NL		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: --/50 ppm/5000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chloroform

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chloroform

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chloroform. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Chloroform. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Gemma, S., Vittozzi, L. and Testai, E.: Metabolism of chloroform in the human liver and identification of the competent P450s. Drug Metab. Dispos. 31(3): 266-274, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Chloroform. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 568-571.

Last Updated Date : 05/03/2024

ACETONE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	67-64-1
Formula	C₃H₆O
Synonyms	dimethyl ketone; ketone propane; 2-propanone

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.
Boiling point	133°F	Molecular weight	58.1
Freezing point/melting point	-137°F	Vapor pressure	180 mmHg
Flash point	0°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.791	Ionization potential	9.69 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	12.8%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0040
Sampling group	OVSG-4
Sampler/Sampling media	Two 600mg silica gel tubes connected in series [SKC 226-183]; tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1]; Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]
Sampling time^*	120 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	6 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	OSHA 5004 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip	Detector tube
Model/Type	Acetone, 40-600 ppm range	Gastec 151
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)		0.05-2%

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (2400 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	250 ppm (590 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	500 ppm (1200 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	750 ppm (1780 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	3000 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2500 ppm (10% LEL)
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4, EPA-I		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetone

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acetone

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acetone. See annual publication for most recent information.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Acetone. June 2022.
Dietz, DD, Leininger, JR, Rauckman, EJ, et al.: Toxicity studies of acetone administered in the drinking water of rodents. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 17:347-360, 1991.
EPA: Integrated Risk Information System - Acetone (CASRN 67-64-1). 2003.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Ketones. June 1978.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Acetone. 1988.
Wysocki, C.J., Dalton, P., Brody, M.J. and Lawley, H.J.: Acetone odor and irritation thresholds obtained from acetone-exposed factory workers and from control (occupationally unexposed) subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 58(10): 704-711, 1997.

Last Updated Date : 05/29/2025

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
Two 600mg silica gel tubes connected in series [SKC 226-183], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]	120 min	6 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
Acetone	0040	No
2-Butanone	0430	No
Hexone	1385	No

Notes

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (2-PROPANOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	67-63-0
Formula	C₃H₈O
Synonyms	dimethyl carbinol, IPA, isopropanol, sec-propyl alcohol, rubbing alcohol, isopropyl alcohol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with the odor of rubbing alcohol.
Boiling point	181°F	Molecular weight	60.1
Freezing point/melting point	-127°F	Vapor pressure	33 mmHg
Flash point	53°F	Vapor density	2.07
Specific gravity	0.79	Ionization potential	10.10 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	12.7% at 200°F
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1560
Sampling group	OVSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5001 (fully validated)
Notes	Separate tubes and seal each after sampling.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector Tube	Detector Tube
Model/Type	Gastec 113	Gastec 113L	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-122SA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-150U
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5 to 2 strokes, 0.004% - 5% range, uncertainty 25% for 50-200 ppm, 16% for 200-800 ppm	1 or 2 strokes, 5-800 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 50-200 ppm, 16% for 200-800 ppm	1 stroke, 0.02-2.5% range	1 or 2 strokes, approx 10-1200 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	400 ppm (980 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	400 ppm (980 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	200 ppm [2001]	PEL-TWA	400 ppm (980 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	500 ppm (1225 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	400 ppm [2001]	PEL-STEL	500 ppm (1225 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isopropanol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isopropanol alcohol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Isopropanol. See annual publication for most recent information.
Ernstgård, L., Sjögren, B., Warholm, M. and Johanson, G.: Sex differences in the toxicokinetics of inhaled solvent vapors in humans. 2. 2-propanol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 193(2): 158-167, 2003.
Garcia-Gavin, J., Lissens, R., Timmermans, A., Goossens, A.: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by isopropyl alcohol: a missed allergen?. Contact Dermatitis. 65(2):101-106, 2011.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Isopropyl Alcohol. March 1976.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Isopropyl Alcohol. September 1978.

Last Updated Date : 06/20/2023

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
2) Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
2-Butoxyethanol	0435	No
n-Butyl alcohol	0460	No
sec-Butyl alcohol	0461	No
Ethyl alcohol	1060	No
Isobutyl alcohol	1536	No
Isopropyl alcohol	1560	No
Methyl alcohol*	1660	No
n-Propyl alcohol	2170	No

Notes

Immediately after sampling, separate the two sampling tubes to prevent post-sampling migration.

Request any (up to two (2)) of these analytes together.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amounts are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*If this is your primary analyte of interest, sample for 60 min at 0.05 L/min (3L). If the relative humidity is >50% at 25°C, you can sample for 100 min at 0.05 L/min (5L).

METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	67-56-1
Formula	CH₄O
Synonyms	carbinol; columbian spirits; methanol; pyroligneous spirit; wood alcohol; wood naphtha; wood spirit

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor.
Boiling point	147°F	Molecular weight	32.1
Freezing point/melting point	-144°F	Vapor pressure	96 mmHg
Flash point	52°F	Vapor density	1.11
Specific gravity	0.79	Ionization potential	10.84 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	6.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	36%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1660
Sampling group	OVSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L (or 5 L when humidity is greater than 50%)
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 5001 (fully validated)
Notes	Separate tubes and seal each after sampling.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 111	Gastec 111	Gastec 111	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-119SA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-119U	Methanol, 20-500 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5 to 4 strokes, 0.0004-4.5% range, uncertainty 25%; for 0.02-0.5%, 16% for 0.5-1.5%	1 to 2 strokes, 5-1000 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 40-200 ppm, 16% for 200-1000 ppm	2 to 4 strokes, 0.2-56 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 2-5 ppm, 16% for 5-20 ppm	1 stroke, 0.05-6% range	1 stroke, approx 20-1000 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (260 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	200 ppm (260 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	200 ppm [2008]	PEL-TWA	200 ppm (260 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	250 ppm (325 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	250 ppm [2008]	PEL-STEL	250 ppm (325 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	1000 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	6000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 200 ppm/1000 ppm/5000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methanol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl alcohol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methanol. See annual publication for most recent information.
Finkelstein, Y. and Vardi, J.: Progressive parkinsonism in a young experimental physicist following long-term exposure to methanol. Neurotoxicology 23(4-5): 521-525, 2002.
Hageman, G., van der Hoek, J.A. and Faber, C.G.: Spastic paraparesis without optic atrophy after occupational methanol exposure. J. Neurol. 250(7): 876-877, 2003.
NIOSH. Occupational Health Guideline for Methyl Alcohol. September 1978.
NIOSH. Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Methyl Alcohol. March 1976.

Last Updated Date : 06/20/2023

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
2) Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82]	240 min	12 L	0.05 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling
2-Butoxyethanol	0435	No
n-Butyl alcohol	0460	No
sec-Butyl alcohol	0461	No
Ethyl alcohol	1060	No
Isobutyl alcohol	1536	No
Isopropyl alcohol	1560	No
Methyl alcohol*	1660	No
n-Propyl alcohol	2170	No

Notes

Immediately after sampling, separate the two sampling tubes to prevent post-sampling migration.

Request any (up to two (2)) of these analytes together.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amounts are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

*If this is your primary analyte of interest, sample for 60 min at 0.05 L/min (3L). If the relative humidity is >50% at 25°C, you can sample for 100 min at 0.05 L/min (5L).

HEXAFLUOROACETONE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL SILICATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

THIOGLYCOLIC ACID

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXAMETHYL PHOSPHORAMIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HEXACHLOROETHANE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLOROFORM (TRICHLOROMETHANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACETONE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (2-PROPANOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References