various

chromic anhydride, chromic oxide, chromium(VI) oxide (1:3), chromium trioxide, ammonium chromate, ammonium dichromate, barium chromate, basic lead chromate, calcium chromate, chromium [VI] chloride, chromium trioxide, chromyl chloride, lead chromate, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, strontium chromate, molybdenum orange, zinc chromate, zinc chromate hydroxides, zinc potassium chromates (hydroxides)

See the "Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA" section above for details.

Available

5 µg/m³ [2.5 µg/m³ Action Level]

0.0002 mg/m³ (8 hr TWA)

0.0002 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]

0.005 mg/m³

0.0005 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]

0.1 mg/m³

N

N

N

N

OSHA's Chromium (VI) standard applies to occupational exposures to any chromium species with a valence of positive six, regardless of form or compound. See 29 CFR 1910.1026 Chromium (VI). See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 and/or 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2for any operations or sectors where the exposure limits in §1910.1026 are stayed or otherwise not in effect.

CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits.

Skin, dermal sensitization (DSEN) and respiratory sensitization (RSEN) (for water-soluble compounds)

Ca

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chromium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chromic acid and chromates

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chromium and inorganic compounds: Hexavalent chromium compounds, as Cr(VI), and water-soluble compounds. See annual publication for most recent information.
• ATSDR: Toxicological profile for chromium. September 2012.
• Balachandar V, Arun M, Mohana Devi S, Velmurugan P, Manikantan P, Karthick Kumar A, Sasikala K, Venkatesan C. Evaluation of the genetic alterations in direct and indirect exposures of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in leather tanning industry workers North Arcot District, South India. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 83(7):791-801, 2010.
• NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Chromium (VI).
• NIOSH: Draft Criteria Document Update - Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium. September 2008.
• Zhang XH, Zhang X, Wang XC, Jin LF, Yang ZP, Jiang CX, Chen Q, Ren XB, Cao JZ, Wang Q, Zhu YM. Chronic occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium causes DNA damage in electroplating workers. BMC Public Health. 11:224. 2011.

Cr

Synonyms vary depending upon the specific Chromium(III) compound. [Note: Chromium(III) compounds include soluble chromic salts.]

0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³

0.003 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]

0.5 mg/m³

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

See Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits. [Chromic Acid and Chromates (as CrO₃), Chromium(II) and Chromium(III) Compounds (as Cr), and Chromium Metal (as Cr)]

dermal senstization (DSEN), respiratory sensitization (RSEN) (for water-soluble compounds)

250 mg/m³

as Cr

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chromium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chromium, and inorganic compounds: Trivalent chromium compounds, as Cr (III). See annual publication for most recent information.

Cr

Synonyms vary depending upon the specific Chromium(II) compound. [Note: Chromium(II) compounds include soluble chromous salts.]

0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]

0.5 mg/m³

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

See Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits. [Chromic Acid and Chromates (as CrO₃), Chromium(II) and Chromium(III) Compounds (as Cr), and Chromium Metal (as Cr)]

250 mg/m³

as Cr

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chromium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chromium metal

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chromium, and inorganic compounds: Metallic chromium as Cr(0). See annual publication for most recent information.

Cr

chrome; chromium

Ghost Wipe [SKC 225-2414]

Available

1 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [2017]

0.5 mg/m³

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

250 mg/m³

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chromium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chromium metal

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chromium, and inorganic compounds: Metallic chromium, as Cr(0). See annual publication for most recent information.
• EPA: Hazard Summary - Chromium
• ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Chromium. 2012.
• NIOSH: Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements. 1992.

C

activated carbon [Note: Also see specific listing for Graphite (natural).]

15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)

2 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter) [1988]

10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.

See footnote [n].

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbon, activated

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Graphite (synthetic)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Graphite (all forms except graphite fibers). See annual publication for most recent information.
• Lam, C.-W., James, J.T., McCluskey, R. and Hunter, R.L.: Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation. Toxicol. Sci. 77(1): 126-134, 2004.
• Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Graphite. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1216-1217.
• Shevdova, A.A., et al.: Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 66(20): 1909-1926, 2003.

Cd

cadmium metal; synonyms vary depending upon the specific cadmium compound.

See sampling group information for media.

Available

5 µg/m³ [2.5 µg/m³ Action Level]

0.005 mg/m³

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1027 and 29 CFR 1926.1127 (Construction) for additional information. The PELs listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2 for cadmium fume and cadmium dust apply to any operations or sectors for which the Cadmium standard, CFR 1910.1027, is stayed or otherwise not in effect.

CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 0.1 mg/m³). See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens

Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data
BEI®

9 mg/m³

Ca

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Cadmium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Cadmium dust (as Cd)

Literature References

• EPA: Hazard Summary - Cadmium.
• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) ­ Cadmium [7440-43-9] and compounds, as Cd. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Nawrot T, Geusens P, Nulens TS, Nemery B. Occupational cadmium exposure and calcium excretion, bone density, and osteoporosis in men. J Bone Miner Res. 25(6):1441-5, June 2010.
• NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Cadmium. 1976.
• NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Cadmium Dust (as Cadmium). 1978.
• NTP: Report on Carcinogens Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
• OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Substance Safety Data Sheet - Cadmium. 1910.1027 App A
• Poreba R, Gac P, Poreba M, Derkacz A, Pilecki W, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Andrzejak R. Relationship between chronic exposure to lead, cadmium and manganese, blood pressure values and incidence of arterial hypertension. Med Pr. 61(1):5-14, 2010.

Be

Synonyms vary depending upon the specific beryllium compound.

Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]

Available

0.2 µg/m³ [0.1 µg/m³ Action Level]

0.0002 mg/m³

2 µg/m³

0.002 mg/m³

0.025 mg/m³

N

N

Y

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1024, Beryllium. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2for any operations or sectors where the exposure limits in 1910.1024 are stayed or otherwise not in effect.

CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens

Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data
skin, dermal sensitizer (DSEN) (soluble compounds), respiratory sensitizer (RSEN) (soluble and insoluble compounds)

See also California Code of Regulations, Title 8 §1535.1 Beryllium., §5205. Beryllium., and §8359.1 Beryllium.

4 mg/m³

Ca

--/0.025 mg/m³/0.1 mg/m³

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Beryllium compound, N.O.S.

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)

Literature References

• EPA: Hazard Summary - Beryllium Compounds.
• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Beryllium [7440-41-7] and compounds, as Be. See annual publication for most recent information.
• ANSI: American National Standard Acceptable Concentrations of Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds. May 26, 1970.
• EPA Beryllium and compounds (CASRN 7440-41-7) 1998
• IARC Monograph 101-c7 Beryllium and Compounds 2010.
• Kreiss, K; Mroz, MM; Newman, LS; et al. (1996) Machining risk of beryllium disease and sensitization with median exposures below 2 MU-G/M(3). Am J Ind Med 30(1):16-25.
• Newman LS, Mroz MM, Balkissoon RC, Maier LA. Beryllium sensitization progresses to chronic beryllium disease: a longitudinal study of disease risk. Am J Respir Crit Car Med 2004 2004
• NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Beryllium and Its Compounds. 1988.
• NTP Report on Carcinogens 12th Edition Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds 2011.
• Schubauer-Berigan MK, Couch JR, Petersen MR, Carreón T, Jin Y, Deddens JA: Cohort mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants - update and associations with cumulative and maximum exposure. Occup Environ Med. 68(5):345-53, May 2011.

Ba

Synonyms vary depending upon the specific soluble barium compound.

Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]

0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³

0.5 mg/m³

N

N

NA

NA

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data

1100 mg Ba/m³ 

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Barium

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Barium chloride (as Ba)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Barium [7440-39-3] and soluble compounds, as Ba. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Barium toxicity after exposure to contaminated contrast solution - Goias State, Brazil, 2003. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 52(43): 1047-1048, 2003.
• Jacobs, I.A., Taddeo, J., Kelly K. and Valenziano, C.: Poisoning as a result of barium styphnate explosion. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41(4): 285-288, 2002.
• Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Barium. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 277-279.

As

Synonyms vary depending upon the specific organic arsenic compound.

0.5 mg/m³

0.2 mg/m³

N

N

NA

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

Not established

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Organoarsenic compound, N.O.S.

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Arsenic (organic compounds, as As)

Literature References

• Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123, (1981, January). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.

As

arsenic metal; arsenia; others vary depending upon the specific arsenic compound.

Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]

Available

10 µg/m³ [5 µg/m³ Action Level]

0.01 mg/m³ [0.005 mg/m³ Action Level]

0.002 mg/m³ [15 minutes]

N

N

N

N

See See 29 CFR 1910.1018, Arsenic.

CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.

Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data
BEI®. TLV for lead arsenate (3687-31-8) was withdrawn for insufficient data in 2009.

5 mg/m³

Ca

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Arsenic

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Arsenic (Inorganic compounds, as As)

Literature References

• EPA: Hazard Summary - Arsenic.
• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Arsenic [7440-38-2] and inorganic compounds, as As. See annual publication for most recent information.
• ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. August 2007.
• Col, M., Col, C., Soran, A., Sayli, B.S., Ozturk, S. Arsenic-related Bowen's disease, palmar keratosis, and skin cancer. Environmental Health perspectives. 107(8):687-689, 1999.
• Kreuzer M, Straif K, Marsh JW, Dufey F, Grosche B, Nosske D, Sogl M. Occupational dust and radiation exposure and mortality from stomach cancer among German uranium miners, 1946-2003. Occup Environ Med. 69(3):217-23, March 2012.
• Navas-Acien A, Sharrett AR, Silbergeld EK et al. Arsenic exposure and cardiovascular disease - A systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Am J Epidemiol. 162(11):1037-1049, 2005.
• NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Inorganic Arsenic and its Compounds (as As) Potential Human Carcinogen. 1988.