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FORMAMIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-12-7
Formula	CH₃NO
Synonyms	carbamaldehyde; methanamide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, oily liquid with a light ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	411°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	45.04
Freezing point/melting point	37°F	Vapor pressure	3 mmHg at 86°F, 760 mmHg at 410.9°F
Flash point	310°F (open-cup)	Vapor density	1.56
Specific gravity	1.13	Ionization potential	10.20 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1292
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Silica gel tube (150/75 mg) [SKC 226-10]
Sampling time^*	100 min TWA; 15 min STEL
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	20 ppm (30 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (15 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	10 ppm [1985]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (18 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL	30 ppm (45 mg/m³)	REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Formamide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Formamide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Formamide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 10/28/2024

METHYLENE CHLORIDE (DICHLOROMETHANE)‡

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-09-2
Formula	CH₂Cl₂
Synonyms	dichloromethane; methylene dichloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	104°F	Molecular weight	84.9
Freezing point/melting point	-139°F	Vapor pressure	350 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	2.93
Specific gravity	1.33	Ionization potential	11.32 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	13%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	23%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1730
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 Anasorb 747 sampling tubes (6 mm glass tubes, the front tube contains 400 and the back 200 mg of sorbent) connected in series [SKC 226-82], tube holder [SKC 222-3L-1], Type D cover [SKC 224-29D]
Sampling time^*	240 min TWA; 15 min STEL
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 1025 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Methylene chloride, 10-200 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	25 ppm [12.5 ppm Action Level]	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1997]	PEL-TWA	25 ppm (87 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL	125 ppm	REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	125 ppm (435 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1052		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: BEI®		Notes: See also Section 5202.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2300 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, EPA-B2, NTP-R, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A3		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 300 ppm/750 ppm/4000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dicholoromethane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methylene chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dichloromethane. See annual publication for most recent information.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Methylene Chloride. September 2000.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile Addendum - Methylene Chloride. July 2010.
EPA IRIS Methylene Chloride, 2011.
CDC: Fatal exposure to methylene chloride among bathtub refinishers - United States, 2000-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 61(7):119-22, 2012.
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Substance Safety Data Sheet and Technical Guidelines for Methylene Chloride. 1910.1052 App A.
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Medical Surveillance for Methylene Chloride. 1910.1052 App B.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Methylene Chloride. 1976.
NTP Report on Carcinogens Dichloromethane

Last Updated Date : 01/06/2024

ETHYL MERCAPTAN (ETHANETHIOL)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-08-1
Formula	C₂H₆S
Synonyms	ethanethiol; ethyl sulfhydrate; mercaptoethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a strong, skunk-like odor.
Boiling point	93.9°F	Molecular weight	62.1
Freezing point/melting point	-234°F	Vapor pressure	442 mmHg
Flash point	-55°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.826	Ionization potential	9.29 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	18%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1220
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10-150 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	NIOSH 2542 (partially validated)
Notes	Protect samples from light.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer	Organic vapor analyzer
Model/Type	Gastec 72	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-165SA	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1-120 ppm range	1-160 ppm range	0.8 ppm@3.3 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [2003]	PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	10 ppm (25 mg/m³)	REL-C	0.5 ppm (1.3 mg/m³) [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl mercaptan

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl mercaptan

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl mercaptan. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 11/30/2018

ACETALDEHYDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-07-0
Formula	C₂H₄O
Synonyms	acetic aldehyde; ethanal; ethyl aldehyde

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid or gas (above 69°F) with a pungent, fruity odor.
Boiling point	69°F	Molecular weight	44.1
Freezing point/melting point	-190°F	Vapor pressure	740 mmHg
Flash point	-36°F	Vapor density	1.52
Specific gravity	0.79	Ionization potential	10.22 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	4.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	60%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0010
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	XAD-2 tube (450/225 mg) coated with 10% 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine [SKC 226-27]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-NPD
Method reference	OSHA 68 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Acetaldehyde 100/a, 6726665	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-133SB	Gastec 92
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	20 strokes, approx 10-1000 ppm range, uncertainty 25%	follow mfr instructions, 1-140 ppm range	1-4 strokes, 2-750 ppm range, uncertainty 16.4% for 10 to 100 ppm, 8.2% for 100 to 300 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	200 ppm (360 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	25 ppm (45 mg/m³)
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 18 ppm). See Appendix A and Appendix C - Supplementary		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2000 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A2, IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 10 ppm/200 ppm/1000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetaldehyde

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acetaldehyde

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acetaldehyde. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Acetaldehyde. US Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Oyama, T., Isse, T., Ogawa, M., Muto, M., Uchiyama, I. and Kawamoto, T.: Susceptibility to inhalation toxicity of acetaldehyde in Aldh2 knockout mice. Front. Biosci. 12: 1927-1934, 2007.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Acetaldehyde. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 23-26.
Prieto, L., Gutierrez, V., Cervera, A. and Linana, J.: Airway obstruction induced by inhaled acetaldehyde in asthma: repeatability relationship to adenosine 5'-monophosphate responsiveness. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. 12(2): 91-98, 2002.

Last Updated Date : 03/28/2024

ACETONITRILE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-05-8
Formula	CH₃CN
Synonyms	cyanomethane; ethyl nitrile; methyl cyanide; ACN

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point	179°F	Molecular weight	41.1
Freezing point/melting point	-49°F	Vapor pressure	73 mmHg
Flash point	42°F (open cup)	Vapor density	1.42
Specific gravity	0.787	Ionization potential	12.20 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.0%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	16%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0060
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (400/200 mg) [SKC 226-09]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1-25 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1606 (fully validated)
Notes	Keep samples refrigerated when not in transit. Ship samples overnight with cold-packs as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	40 ppm (70 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	20 ppm (34 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	40 ppm (70 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	60 ppm (105 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4, EPA-CBD; D		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Acetonitrile

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Acetonitrile

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acetonitrile. See annual publication for most recent information.
Cohrssen, B. Cyanides and nitriles. In Patty's Toxicology, 5^th Ed., Vol. 4, Bingham, E., Cohrssen, B., Powell, C.H., eds., New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1406-1410, 2001.
Robles, H. Acetonitrile. In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Vol. 1, Wexler, P., ed. New York: Academic Press, pp. 16-17, 1998.
Sitting, M. Acetonitrile. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Vol. 1, pp. 28-30, 1991.

Last Updated Date : 03/25/2024

ETHYLAMINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-04-7
Formula	C₂H₇N
Synonyms	aminoethane; ethylamine (anhydrous); monoethylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas or water-white liquid (below 62°F) with an ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point	62°F	Molecular weight	45.1
Freezing point/melting point	-114°F	Vapor pressure	874 mmHg
Flash point	1°F	Vapor density	1.61
Specific gravity	0.69 (liquid)	Ionization potential	8.86 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.5%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	14%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1070
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	OSHA 36 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1.4 ppm@3.4 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm (18 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	10 ppm (18 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [2012]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (9.2 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	15 ppm [2012]	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethylamine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethylamine. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/29/2021

VINYL FLUORIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-02-5
Formula	C₂H₃F
Synonyms	fluoroethene; fluoroethylene; monofluoroethylene; vinyl fluoride monomer; vinyl fluoride, inhibited

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a faint, ethereal odor.
Boiling point	-98°F	Molecular weight	46.1
Freezing point/melting point	-257°F	Vapor pressure	25.2 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.6
Specific gravity	0.707 at 32°F	Ionization potential	10.37 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	21.7%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	1 ppm	TLV-TWA	1 ppm [1996]	PEL-TWA	0.2 ppm (0.38 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	5 ppm	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, TLV-A2, NTP-R		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vinyl fluoride, stabilized

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinyl fluoride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vinyl fluoride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/14/2021

VINYL CHLORIDE (CHLOROETHYLENE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-01-4
Formula	C₂H₃Cl
Synonyms	chloroethene; chloroethylene; ethylene monochloride; monochloroethene; monochloroethylene; VC; vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas or liquid (below 7°F) with a pleasant odor at high concentrations.
Boiling point	7°F	Molecular weight	62.5
Freezing point/melting point	-256°F	Vapor pressure	3.3 atm
Flash point	-110°F	Vapor density	2.21
Specific gravity	0.969 at 8.6°F	Ionization potential	9.99 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.6%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	33%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2580
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 91 Carbosieve® S-III (130/65) [Supelco 20360]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 75 (fully validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample. Refrigerate samples and analyze as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 131LA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-132SA	Vinyl chloride, 0.3-10 ppm range	Vinyl chloride, 10-250 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-4 strokes, 0.05-54 ppm range, uncertainty 6% for 1-6 ppm, 8% for 6-20 ppm	follow mfr instructions, approx 0.05-1% range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm [0.5 ppm Action Level]	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	1 ppm
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	5 ppm [15 minutes]	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1017, Vinyl chloride.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: See California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5210. Vinyl Chloride.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-K;A, IARC-1, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-K, OSHA-Ca, TLV-A1		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 500 ppm/5000 ppm/20000 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Vinyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Vinyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Vinyl Chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Lewis, R.: Vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. Occup. Med. 14(4): 719-741, 1999.
Huang, C.Y., Huang, K.L., Cheng, T.J., Wang, J.D. and Hsieh, L.L.: The GST T1 and CYP2E1 genotypes are possible factors causing vinyl chloride induced abnormal liver function. Arch. Toxicol.71(8): 482-488, 1997.
Li, Y., Marion, M.J., Ho, R., Cheng, T.J., Coulibaly, D., Rosal, R. and Brandt-Rauf, P.W.: Polymorphisms for vinyl chloride metabolism in French vinyl chloride workers. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 16(1): 55-59, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 05/03/2024

ETHYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	75-00-3
Formula	C₂H₅Cl
Synonyms	chloroethane; hydrochloric ether; monochloroethane; muriatic ether

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas or liquid (below 54°F) with a pungent, ether-like odor.
Boiling point	54°F	Molecular weight	64.5
Freezing point/melting point	-218°F	Vapor pressure	1000 mmHg
Flash point	-58°F (liquid)	Vapor density	2.23
Specific gravity	0.92 (liquid at 32°F)	Ionization potential	10.97 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	15.4%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1110
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 CSC tubes in series (400/200 mg) [SKC 226-09]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.3-3 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 2519 (fully validated)
Notes	Separate front and back tubes before shipping
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Infrared spectrophotometer	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Gastec 138	Miran 1A & 1B	Miran 103
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	250-10000 ppm range	1.3@10.6 µm	0-2000 ppm@12.82 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (2600 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	100 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	100 ppm (264 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	3800 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A3		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ethyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2023

METHYL ACETYLENE (PROPYNE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	74-99-7
Formula	C₃H₄
Synonyms	allylene; propine; propyne; 1-propyne

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a sweet odor.
Boiling point	-10°F	Molecular weight	40.1
Freezing point/melting point	-153°F	Vapor pressure	5.2 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.41
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	10.36 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.7%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Infrared spectrophotometer
Model/Type	Miran 1A & 1B
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	2.8 ppm@3.0 µm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1000 ppm (EX) [1956]	PEL-TWA	1000 ppm (1650 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: (EX) explosion hazard: the substance is a flammable asphyxiant or excursions above the TLV could approach 10% of the lower explosive limit.		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1700 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes: 10% of LEL
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Propyne

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl acetylene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methylacetylene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

FORMAMIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYLENE CHLORIDE (DICHLOROMETHANE)‡

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL MERCAPTAN (ETHANETHIOL)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACETALDEHYDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ACETONITRILE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYLAMINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

VINYL FLUORIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

VINYL CHLORIDE (CHLOROETHYLENE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL ACETYLENE (PROPYNE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References