aliphatic petroleum naphtha, petroleum naphtha, petroleum ether (95°-155°C), naphtha

500 ppm (2000 mg/m³)

350 mg/m³

400 ppm (1600 mg/m³)

1800 mg/m³ [15 minutes]

N

N

NA

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1. OSHA Construction and Maritime PEL: A3 Gasoline and/or Petroleum Distillates. The composition of these materials varies greatly, and thus, a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics, and additives should be determined in order to arrive at the appropriate TLV (ACGIH, 1970). See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1, §1926.6(g)(1) Incorporation by reference; 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z- Shipyards, §1915.5(d)(3)(i) Incorporation by reference.

Withdrawn in 2009 [Rubber solvent (Naphtha) 8030-30-6]. See Appendix H: Reciprocal Calculation Method for Certain Refined Hydrocarbon Solvent Vapor Mixtures

As Rubber solvent (Naphtha) [no CAS].

1100 ppm

10% of LEL

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Petroleum distillates, N.O.S.

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Petroleum distillates (Naphtha)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Appendix H: Reciprocal Calculation Method for Certain Refined Hydrocarbon Solvent Vapor Mixtures. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Creaser, C., Welch, J., and Bishop, K.: n-Hexane in petroleum ether fractions. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 27(2): 229-230, 1983.
• Lacey J.V. Jr., Garabrant, D.H., Laing, T.J., Gillespie, B.W., Mayes, M.D., Cooper, B.C., Schottenfeld, D.: Petroleum distillate solvents as risk factors for undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). Am J Epidemiol 149(8): 761-770, 1999.
• NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Refined Petroleum Solvents. 1977.
• NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Petroleum Distillates (Naphtha). 1978.
• NIOSH: Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health - Compendium of Policy Documents and Statements. 1992.
• Ono, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Hisanaga, N., Iwata, M., Kitoh, J., and Sugiura, Y.: Neurotoxicity of petroleum benzine compared with n-hexane. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 50(3): 219-229, 1982.

C₃H₇Br

nPB, propyl bromide, n-propyl bromide

0.1 ppm [2013]

5 ppm (25 mg/m³)

NA

NA

N

Y

Not established

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Bromopropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1-Bromopropane

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1-Bromopropane. See annual publication for most recent information.
• International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): 1-Bromopropane.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: EPA's 2007 Final and Proposed Regulations for n-Propyl Bromide (nPB).
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: EPA Newsroom (1) Compound Allowed as Alternative to Ozone-Depleting Chemicals for Specific Uses (press release on 05/17/2007).
• B'Hymer, C. and Cheever, K.L.: Development of a gas chromatographic test for the quantification of the biomarker 3-bromopropionic acid in human urine. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. LifeSci. 802(2): 361-366, 2004.
• Furuhashi, K., et al.: Effects of exposure of rat dams to 1-bromopropane during pregnancy and lactation on growth and sexual maturation of their offspring. Toxicology 224(3): 219-228, 2006.
• Hanley, K.W., Petersen, M., Curwin, B.D. and Sanderson, W.T.: Urinary bromide and breathing zone concentrations of 1-bromopropane from workers exposed to flexible foam spray adhesives. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 50(6): 599-607, 2006.
• Harney, J.M., Hess, J., Reh, C. and Trout, D.: NIOSH health hazard evaluation report 2000-0410-2891, STN Cushion Company, Thomasville, North Carolina (August) 2002, 39 pp.
• Harney, J.M., Nemhauser, J.B., Reh, C.M., Trout, D. and Schrader, S.: NIOSH health hazard evaluation report HETA 99-0260-2906, Marx Industries, Inc., Sawmills, North Carolina (June) 2003, 54 pp.
• Ichihara, G.: Neuro-reproductive toxicities of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Med. 78(2): 79-96, 2005.
• Ichihara, G., et al.: A survey on exposure level, health status, and biomarkers in workers exposed to 1-bromopropane. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45(1): 63-75, 2004.
• Ichihara, G., et al.: Neurologic abnormalities in workers of a 1-bromopropane factory. Environ. Health Perspect. 112(13): 1319-1325, 2004.
• Majersik, J.J., Caravati, E.M. and Steffens, J.D.: Severe neurotoxicity associated with exposure to the solvent 1-bromopropane (n-propyl bromide). Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) 45(3): 270-276, 2007.
• National Toxicology Program: NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of 1-Bromopropane (1-BP). NTP CERHR MON. (9): i-III11, 2003.
• Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Bromopropane. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 380-381.
• Toraason, M., et al.: DNA damage in leukocytes of workers occupationally exposed to 1-bromopropane. Mutat. Res. 603(1): 1-14, 2006.

C₄H₆O₂

biacetyl; 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-butadione, 2,3-diketobutane, dimethyl diketone, dimethylglyoxal, glyoxal, dimethyl-

5 ppb (0.005 ppm) 8-hr TWA [2.6 ppb (0.0026 ppm) Action Level]

0.01 ppm [2011]

25 ppb (0.025 ppm) [15 minutes]

0.02 ppm [2011]

NA

NA

N

NA

Not established

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diacetyl

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diacetyl

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Diacetyl. See annual publication for most recent information.
• CDC: Fixed obstructive lung disease among workers in the flavor-manufacturing industry - California, 2004-2007. MMWR 56(16): 389-393, 2007.
• Hubbs AF, Goldsmith WT, Kashon ML, Frazer D, Mercer RR, Battelli LA, Kullman GJ, Schwegler-Berry D, Friend S, Castranova V Respiratory toxicologic pathology of inhaled diacetyl in sprague-dawley rats.:, Toxicologic Pathology Vol. 36 (2), pp. 330-44.
• Kanwal, R. et al.: Evaluation of flavorings-related lung disease risk at six microwave popcorn plants. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 48(2): 149-157, 2006.
• Kreiss, K., Gomaa, A., Kullman, G., Fedan, K., Simoes, E.J. and Enright, P.L.: Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant. New Eng. J. Med. 347(5): 330-338, 2002.
• Kullman, G., Boylstein, R., Jones, W., Piacitelli, C., Pendergrass, S. and Kreiss, K.: Characterization of respiratory exposures at a microwave popcorn plant with cases of bronchiolitis obliterans. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2(3): 169-178, 2005.
• NIOSH: Preventing Lung Disease in Workers Who Use or Make Flavorings. NIOSH Publication No. 2004-110. 2004.
• NIOSH: Safety and Health Topic - Flavorings-Related Lung Disease. 2006.

dust, nuisance dust, inert dusts

5 mg/m³ (*15 mppcf) [respirable fraction], 15 mg/m³ (*50 mppcf) [total dust]

5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction), 10 mg/m³ (total dust)

N

NA

NA

N

*mppcf = millions of particles per cubic foot of air. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (PNOR) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-3, Mineral Dusts (Inert or Nuisance Dust). OSHA Construction and Maritime Industry PEL for PNOR (total dust, organic and inorganic): 15 mg/m³ as an 8-hrTWA. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards. [Note: Includes all inert or nuisance dusts, whether mineral, inorganic, not listed specifically in 29 CFR 1910.1000.]

See Appendix D - Substances with No Established RELs.

No TLV established. It is recommended that airborne concentrations be kept below 3 mg/m³ (respirable particles) and 10 mg/m³ (inhalable particles) for insoluble particles of low toxicity for which no TLV has been established. See Appendix B of the TLV booklet for guidelines.

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Particulates not otherwise regulated

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Particles (insoluble or poorly soluble) Not Otherwise Specified (PNOS). See annual publication for most recent information.
• EPA Particle Pollution. 2006.
• EPA Integrated Science Assessment Particulate Matter, 2009.
• Shieh, T.S., Chung, J.J., Wang, C.J., Tsai, P.J., Kuo, Y.C., Guo, H.R.: Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and dust exposure among workers engaged in early manufacturing processes of tea: a cohort study. BMC Public Health. 12:121, Feb 13, 2012.

No formula

beech; birch; mahogany; maple; oak; sapele; walnut - hardwoods, redwood; teak - softwoods; western red cedar

15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust)

1 mg/m³

Western red cedar: 0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction), All other species: 1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction) [2014]

All soft and hardwoods, except Western red cedar: 2 mg/m³. Western red cedar: 0.5 mg/m³.

5 mg/m³ (all soft and hardwoods, except Western red cedar)

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (PNOR) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-3, Mineral Dusts (Inert or Nuisance Dust). OSHA Construction and Maritime Industry PEL for PNOR (total dust, organic and inorganic): 15 mg/m³ as an 8-hrTWA. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.

CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.

Western red cedar: dermal senzitization (DSEN), respiratory sensitization (RSEN)

Ca

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Wood dust

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Wood dust

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Wood dusts. See annual publication for most recent information.
• No Authors: Wood Dust . Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
• No Authors: Wood Dust and Formaldehyde. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 62: 35-194.

C₁₀H₁₆

1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R); l-limonene; d-limonene; dl-limonene; dipentene; Acintene DP; Cinene; Dipanol; Unitene; 1-methyl-4-isopropentyl-1-cyclohexene

NA

NA

NA

NA

Not established

Not listed

Not listed

Not listed

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dipentene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dipentene

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Acetophenone. See annual publication for most recent information.
• Eberde, E.G. (editor) Drugs and chemicals general price list. The Southern Pharmaceutical Journal 5(4): 1-7, 1912.
• Pohanish, R.P. (editor) Acetophenone. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 44-45.

Various

manmade mineral fibers; rock wool; slag wool; synthetic vitreous fibers

15 mg/m³ or 50 mppcf (total dust), 5 mg/m³ or 15 mppcf (respirable fraction)

3 fibers/cm³ (fibers with diameter ≤ 3.5µm and length ≥ 10µm). TWA 5 mg/m³ (total).

1 fiber/cc (continuous filament glass fibers, glass wool fibers, rock wool fibers, slag wool fibers and special purpose glass fibers, [F]); 5 mg/m³ (continuous filament glass fibers, inhalable particulate matter]); 0.2 f/cc (refractory ceramic fibers [F]) [1999]

10 mg/m³ (total dust); 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)

N

N

N

N

As Inert or Nuisance Dust. See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-3, Mineral Dusts.

as Mineral wool fiber

See TLV endnote [F].

as Particulates not otherwise regulated; see footnote [n]

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Mineral wool fiber

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Synthetic vitreous fibers. See annual publication for most recent information.

HN₃

azoimide; diazoimide; hydrogen azide; hydronitric acid; triazoic acid

0.1 ppm

0.11 ppm [1992]

NA

Y

N

NA

Not established

as (HN₃)

as Hydrazoic acid vapor

Not established

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium azide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium azide

Literature References

₃MgO-₄SiO₂-H₂O

massive talc; soapstone silicate; steatite

20 mppcf

6 mg/m³ (total), 3 mg/m³ (resp)

2 mg/m³ (respirable particulate matter), as Talc [2009]

6 mg/m³ (total dust), 3 mg/m³ (respirable dust)

N

N

N

N

See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-3, Mineral Dusts.

Soapstone TLV withdrawn in 2011. See Talc. The value is for particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica.

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Soapstone (containing less than 1% quartz)

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Soapstone (containing less than 1% quartz)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Talc, Containing no asbestos fibers. See annual publication for most recent information.

CH₂O

0.1 mg/m³

Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. [1992]

0.1 mg/m³

NA

N

N

N

Not established

Ca in the presence of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or malonaldehyde. REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens and Appendix C, Supplementary Exposure Limits (Aldehydes).

dermal sensitization (DSEN), respiratory sensitization (RSEN)

Ca

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Rosin core solder, pyrolysis products (as formaldehyde)

Literature References

• ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Rosin core solder thermal decomposition products (colophony). See annual publication for most recent information.