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N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	59-89-2
Formula	C₄H₈N₂O₂
Synonyms	NMOR

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow crystals. Golden liquid with many crystals at 68°F.
Boiling point	435°F at 747 mmHg	Molecular weight	116.14
Freezing point/melting point	84°F	Vapor pressure	25 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1943
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ThermoSorb/N air sampler [No longer available]
Sampling time^*	75 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	75 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-TEA
Method reference	OSHA 27 (fully validated)
Notes	This media is no longer available. OSHA staff please contact the SLTC prior to sampling at (801) 233-5100.
Special requirements	Store samples in freezer.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP, IARC-2B		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Nitrosomorpholine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-Nitrosomorpholine

Literature References

NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: QE7525000.
No Author: N-Nitrosomorpholine . Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Fujita, K. and Kamataki, T.: Predicting the mutagenicity of tobacco-related N-nitrosamines in humans using 11 strains of Salmonella typhimurium YG7108, each coexpressing a form of human cytochrome P450 along with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38(4): 339-346, (2001).
Hecht, S.S., Lijinsky, W., Kovatch, R.M., Chung, F.L. and Saavedra, J.E.: Comparative tumorigenicity of N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine, N-nitrosodiethanolamine and N-nitrosomorpholine in A/J/ mice and F344 rats. Carcinogenesis 10(8): 1475-1477, (1989).
Monarca, S., et al.: Monitoring airborne genotoxicants in the rubber industry using genotoxicity tests and chemical analyses. Mutat. Res. 490(2): 159-169, (2001).
van Maanen, J.M., Pachen, D.M., Dallinga, J.W. and Kleinjans, J.C.: Formation of nitrosamines during consumption of nitrate- and amine-rich foods, and the influence of the use of mouthwashes. Cancer Detect. Prev. 22(3): 204-212, (1998).

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

N-NITROSODIPROPYLAMINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	621-64-7
Formula	C₆H₁₄N₂O
Synonyms	NDPA; di-n-propylnitrosamine; N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine; DPNA; DPN; N-nitroso-N-propyl-1-propanamine; propylamine, N-nitroso-N-di; dipropylnitrosamine; N-propyl-N-nitrosopropylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear to pale yellow liquid.
Boiling point	403°F	Molecular weight	130.19
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.9163	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1948
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ThermoSorb/N air sampler [No longer available]
Sampling time^*	75 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	75 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-TEA
Method reference	OSHA 27 (fully validated)
Notes	This media is no longer available. OSHA staff please contact the SLTC prior to sampling at (801) 233-5100.
Special requirements	Store samples in freezer.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP, IARC-2B, EPA-B2		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine

Literature References

NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: JL9700000.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: N-Nitrosodi-N-propylamine (CASRN 621-64-7).
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profile for N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1989.
California Department of Health Services: California drinking water; activities related to NDMA and other nitrosamines, 2005.
No Author: N-Nitrosodi-n-Propylamine . Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): N-Nitrosodipropylamine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1736-1738.
Teiber, J.F. and Hollenberg, P.F.: Identification of the human liver microsomal cytochrome P450s involved in the metabolism of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine. Carcinogenesis 21(8): 1559-1566, 2000.
Teiber, J.F., Macé, K. and Hollenberg, P.F.: Metabolism of the β-oxidized intermediates of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine: N-nitroso-β-hydroxypropylpropylamine and N-nitroso-β-oxypropylpropylamine. Carcinogenesis 22(3): 499-506, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

N-NITROSODIBUTYLAMINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	924-16-3
Formula	C₈H₁₈N₂O
Synonyms	butylamine, N-nitrosodi; N-butyl-N-nitroso-1-butamine; DBN; DBNA; dibutylamine, N-nitroso; dibutylnitrosamine; di-n-butylnitrosamine; N,N-di-n-butylnitrosamine; NDBA; N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Pale yellow liquid.
Boiling point	116°C at 14 mmHg	Molecular weight	158.25
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density	0.9009
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1944
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ThermoSorb/N air sampler [No longer available]
Sampling time^*	75 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	75 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-TEA
Method reference	OSHA 27 (fully validated)
Notes	†This media is no longer available. OSHA staff please contact the SLTC prior to sampling at (801) 233-5100.
Special requirements	Store samples in freezer.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP, IARC-2B, EPA-B2		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine

Literature References

NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: EJ4025000.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine (CASRN 924-16-3).
No Author: N-Nitrosodi-n-Butylamine, CAS No. 924-16-3. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005.
Bellec, G., Dréano, Y., Bail, J.-P., Ménez, J.-F. and Berthou, F.: Cytochrome P450 hydroxylation of carbon atoms of the alkyl chain of symmetrical N-nitrosodialkylamines by human liver microsomes. Mutat. Res. 377(2): 199-209, 1997.
Dallinga, J.W., et al.: Volatile N-nitrosamines in gastric juice of patients with various conditions of the gastrointestinal tract determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and related to intragastric pH and nitrate and nitrite levels. Cancer Lett. 124(2): 119-125, 1998.
Fiddler, W., Pensabene, J., Sphon, J. and Andrzejewski. D.: Nitrosamines in rubber bands used for orthodontic purposes. Food Chem. Toxicol. 30(4): 325-326, 1992.
Heenan, M.P., Nacey, J.N., Delahunt, B., Ferguson, A.F. and Dickson, S.J.: Volatile N-nitrosamines in urinary catheters. Br. J. Urol. 63(1): 72-75, 1989.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): N-Nitrosodi-n-Butylamine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1728-1730.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

ISOFLURANE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	26675-46-7
Formula	C₃H₂ClF₅O
Synonyms	1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether; 2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro ethane; forane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid
Boiling point	119.3°F	Molecular weight	184.5
Freezing point/melting point		Vapor pressure	330 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.45	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	F118
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Anasorb 747 (140/70 mg) [SKC 226-81A]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.75 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA 103 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	50 ppm [2021]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (15 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established. See OSHA publication Anesthetic Gases: Guidelines for Workplace Exposures (2000).		Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not Listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Not Listed

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chemical Substances and Other Issues Under Study: Isoflurane. See annual publication for most recent information.
NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: KN6799000
.
Accorsi, A., Barbieri, A., Raffi, G.B. and Violante, F.S.: Biomonitoring of exposure to nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane by automated GC/MS headspace urinalysis. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 74(8): 541-548, 2001.
Beckman, N.J., Zacny, J.P. and Walker, D.J.: Within-subject comparison of the subjective and psychomotor effects of a gaseous anesthetic and two volatile anesthetics in health volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 81(1): 89-95, 2006.
Kharasch, E.D., Hankins, D.C. and Cox, K.: Clinical isoflurane metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1. Anesthesiology 90(3): 766-771, 1999.
Kuhlman, J.J., Jr., Magluilo, J., Jr., Levine, B. and Smith, M.L.: Two deaths involving isoflurane abuse. J. Forensic Sci. 38(4): 968-971, 1993.
Stachnik, J.: Inhaled anesthetic agents. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 63(7): 623-634, 2006.
TerRiet, M.F., et al.: Which is most pungent: isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane? Br. J. Anaesth. 85(2): 305-307, 2000.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	97-85-8
Formula	C₈H₁₆O₂
Synonyms	2-methylpropyl isobutyrate; 2-methylpropyl 2-methylpropanoate; 2-methylpropyl 2-methylpropionate; isobutyric acid, isobutyl ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	A colorless liquid with a pleasant fruity odor.
Boiling point	299.7°F	Molecular weight	144.24
Freezing point/melting point	-113.3°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point	99°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.853-0.857	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	0	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1537
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2090 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isobutyl isobutyrate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isobutyl isobutyrate

Literature References

Drake, J.J., Butterworth, K.R., Gaunt, I.F. and Grasso, P.: Short-term toxicity study of isobutyl isobutyrate in rats. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 16(4): 337-342, 1978.
Eastman Product Safety and Health: Material Safety Data Sheet: Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpropyl ester (revised 08/26/2004), 6 pp.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

ETHYL METHACRYLATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	97-63-2
Formula	C₆H₁₀O₂
Synonyms	methacrylic acid, ethyl ester; ethyl 2-methylacrylate; ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate; Rhoplex AC-33; 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-ethyl ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	A colorless moderately toxic liquid with an acrid odor.
Boiling point	243°F	Molecular weight	114.15
Freezing point/melting point	-103°F	Vapor pressure	14 mmHg at 36°F, 26.2 mmHg at 73°F, 67 mmHg at 118°F
Flash point	60°F	Vapor density	3.94
Specific gravity	0.9151	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	E115
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	OSHA PV2100 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ethyl methacrylate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ethyl methacrylate

Literature References

Abou-Donia, M.B., et al.: Neurotoxicity of ethyl methacrylate in rats. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 59(2): 97-118, 2000.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel: Amended final report on the safety assessment of ethyl methacrylate. Int. J. Toxicol. 21(Suppl. 1): 63-79, 2002.
Kanerva, L., Jolanki, R. and Estlander, T.: 10 years of patch testing with the (meth)acrylate series. Contact Dermatitis 37(6): 255-258, 1997.
McCarthy, T.J. and Witz, G.: Structure-activity relationships in the hydrolysis of acrylate and methacrylate esters by carboxylesterase in vitro. Toxicology 116(1-3): 153-158, 1997.
Olson, M.J., Martin, J.L., LaRosa, A.C., Brady, A.N. and Pohl, L.R.: Immunohistochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal mucosa of rats. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 41(2): 307-311, 1993.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Ethyl methacrylate. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1117-1118.

Last Updated Date : 12/19/2018

ESTRIOL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	50-27-1
Formula	C₁₈H₂₄O₃
Synonyms	Destriol; 1,3,5-estratriene-3-β,16-α, 17-β-triol; trihydroxyestrin

Physical Properties
Physical description	Odorless white crystals.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	288.39
Freezing point/melting point	282°C	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	E321
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF Gelman Type A (37 mm) in 3-piece cassette no backup pad [SKC 225-706]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA PV2001 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP, IARC-1		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Not listed

Literature References

No Author: Estrogens, Steroidal . Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
No Author: Synapause-E3® 2 mg (tablets). South African Electronic Package Inserts.
Kuiper, G.G.J.M., et al.: Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors α and β. Endocrinology 138(3): 863-870, 1997.
Longcope, C.: Estriol production and metabolism in normal women. J. Steroid Biochem. 20(4B): 959-962, 1984.
Loose-Mitchell, D.S. and Stancel, G.M.: Estrogens and Progestins (Chapter 58). In, Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th Ed. J.G. Hardman, L.E. Limbird and A.G. Gilman, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001, pp. 1597-1634.
Weiderpass, E., et al.: Low-potency oestrogen and risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control study. Lancet 353(9167): 1824-1828, 1999.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (TETRACHLOROMETHANE)

Chemical Identification
CAS #	56-23-5
Formula	CCl₄
Synonyms	carbon chloride; carbon tet; Freon® 10; Halon® 104; tetrachloromethane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear liquid with a characteristic odor.
Boiling point	170.1°F	Molecular weight	153.82
Freezing point/melting point	-9°F	Vapor pressure	91 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	5.3
Specific gravity	1.59	Ionization potential	11.47 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0570
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1003 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	10 ppm	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	2 ppm (12.6 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	2 ppm (12.6 mg/m³) [60 minutes]	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	10 ppm (63 mg/m³)
PEL-C	25 ppm [5 min in any 4 hrs]; 200 ppm (Peak)	REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C	200 ppm
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2. OSHA Construction and Maritime Industry PEL is 10 ppm (65 mg/m³) for an 8-hr TWA and the skin designation applies to these sections only. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A, NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A2, IARC-2B, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Carbon tetrachloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon tetrachloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Carbon tetrachloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Carbon tetrachloride. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
No Author: Carbon tetrachloride. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71 (pt. 2): 401-432, 1999.
No Author: Carbon Tetrachloride. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Manno, M. and Rezzadore, M. Critical role of ethanol abuse in carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Lancet 343(891): 232, 1994.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor). Carbon Tetrachloride. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 501-504.
Takahashi, S., et al. Increased cytotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in a human hepatoma cell line overexpressing cytochrome P450 2E1. J. Int. Med. Res. 30(4): 400-405, 2002.
Zangar, R.C., Benson, J.M., Burnett, V.L. and Springer, D.L.: Cytochrome P450 2E1 is the primary enzyme responsible for low-dose carbon tetrachloride metabolism in human liver microsomes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 125(3): 233-243, 2000.

Last Updated Date : 04/17/2024

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE (CARBITOL ACETATE)

Chemical Identification
CAS #	112-15-2
Formula	C₈H₁₆O₄
Synonyms	Carbitol acetate; ektasolve acetate; glycol ether DE acetate; 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol acetate

Physical Properties
Physical description	A colorless liquid.
Boiling point	423.32°F	Molecular weight	176
Freezing point/melting point	-13°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point	230°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.0114	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	C128
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2013 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate

Literature References

NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: KK8925000

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

BUTYL BUTYRATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	109-21-7
Formula	C₈H₁₆O₂
Synonyms	butylbutanoate; butyric acid butyl ester; n-butyl-n-butyrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	A colorless liquid.
Boiling point	332°F	Molecular weight	144.21
Freezing point/melting point	-133°F	Vapor pressure	10.34 mmHg
Flash point	128°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.872	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	SLT1
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	50 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2090 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Butyl butyrate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Butyl butyrate

Literature References

Last Updated Date : 12/18/2020

N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-NITROSODIPROPYLAMINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-NITROSODIBUTYLAMINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOFLURANE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ETHYL METHACRYLATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ESTRIOL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (TETRACHLOROMETHANE)

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER ACETATE (CARBITOL ACETATE)

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

BUTYL BUTYRATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References