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PHORATE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	298-02-2
Formula	C₇H₁₇O₂PS₃
Synonyms	O,O-diethyl S-(ethylthio)methylphosphorodithioate; O,O-diethyl S-ethylthiomethylthiothionophosphate; thimet; timet

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear liquid with a skunk-like odor.
Boiling point	257-261°F	Molecular weight	260.39
Freezing point/melting point	-45°F	Vapor pressure	0.00084 mmHg at 68°F
Flash point	320°F (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.16 at 77°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.05 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.05 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2002]	PEL-TWA	0.05 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	0.2 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	15 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phorate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phorate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phorate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

METHYL PARATHION

Chemical Identification
CAS #	298-00-0
Formula	C₈H₁₀NO₅PS
Synonyms	azophos; O,O-dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenylphosphorothioate; parathion methyl; phosphorothioic acid O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) ester

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to tan, crystalline solid or powder with a pungent, garlic-like odor.
Boiling point	289°F	Molecular weight	263.23
Freezing point/melting point	99°F	Vapor pressure	0.00001 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	9.1
Specific gravity	1.36	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1775
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	OSHA PV2112 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.02 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2008]	PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Methyl parathion

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Methyl parathion

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Methyl parathion. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

CLOPIDOL†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	2971-90-6
Formula	C₇H₇Cl₂NO
Synonyms	Coyden; 3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to light-brown, crystalline solid.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	192.1
Freezing point/melting point	>608°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0693 (total); request using analyte code 9135	C148 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!!	For respirable samples, sampling media must be preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable)	TLV-TWA	3 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2012]	PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	20 mg/m³ (total dust)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Clopidol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Clopidol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Clopidol. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/21/2020

CHLORPYRIFOS

Chemical Identification
CAS #	2921-88-2
Formula	C₉H₁₁Cl₃NO₃PS
Synonyms	chlorpyrifos-ethyl; O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate; Dursban; phosphorothioate; phosphorothioic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white, crystalline solid with a mild, mercaptan-like odor.
Boiling point	320°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	350.6
Freezing point/melting point	108°F	Vapor pressure	0.00002 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	12.09
Specific gravity	1.40 (liquid at 110°F)	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0681
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	OSHA versatile sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg) with GFF enclosed [SKC 226-30-16]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1 L/min
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	OSHA 62 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with GFF (37 mm), Type A/E [AP4003705]
Bulk Method	Limit the amount of bulk submitted to 1 g or 1 mL.

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2000]	PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chlorpyrifos

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlorpyrifos

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlorpyrifos. See annual publication for most recent information.
US Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System: Chlorpyrifos (CASRN 2921-88-2).
Albers, J.W., Garabrant, D.H., Schweitzer, S.J., Garrison, R.P., Richardson, R.J. and Berent, S.: The effects of occupational exposure to chlorpyrifos on the peripheral nervous system: a prospective cohort study. Occup. Environ. Med. 61(3): 201-211, 2004.
Kaplan, J.G., Kessler, J., Rosenberg, N., Pack, D. and Schaumburg, H.H.: Sensory neuropathy associated with Dursban (chlorpyrifos) exposure. Neurology 43(11): 2193-2196, 1993.
Meggs, W.J.: Permanent paralysis at sites of dermal exposure to chlorpyrifos. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 41(6): 883-886, 2003.
Miranda, J., et al.: Onset of grip- and pinch-strength impairment after acute poisonings with organophosphate insecticides. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 8(1): 19-26, 2002.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Chlorpyrifos. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 602-604.
Sams, C., Cocker, J. and Lennard, M.S.: Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon by human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450s (CYP). Xenobiotica 34(10): 861-873, 2004.

Last Updated Date : 12/21/2020

CYCLOPENTANE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	287-92-3
Formula	C₅H₁₀
Synonyms	pentamethylene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
Boiling point	121°F	Molecular weight	70.2
Freezing point/melting point	-137°F	Vapor pressure	400 mmHg at 88°F
Flash point	<20°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.75	Ionization potential	10.52 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	1.1%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	8.7%
NFPA health rating	1	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	C619
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	4 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1500 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	600 ppm (1720 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	1000 ppm [2021]	PEL-TWA	600 ppm (1720 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: (EX) Explosion hazard: the substance is a flammable asphyxiant or excursions above the TLV could approach 10% of the LEL.		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Cyclopentane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Cyclopentane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Cyclopentane. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/22/2020

DIQUAT

Chemical Identification
CAS #	85-00-7; 2764-72-9
Formula	C₁₂H₁₂N₂
Synonyms	6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2',1'-c]pyrazinediium dibromide; Reglone; 1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-dipyridylium dibromide; Aquacide; diquat dibromide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow crystalline solid dissolved in a liquid carrier.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	344.08
Freezing point/melting point	<608°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure	<0.000010 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.22-1.27	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction), 0.1 mg/m³ (respirable fraction) [1990]	PEL-TWA	0.5 mg/m³ (total dust)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Diquat

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Diquat (Diquat dibromide)

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Diquat. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

SULFURYL FLUORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	2699-79-8
Formula	F₂O₂S
Synonyms	sulfur difluoride dioxide; Vikane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, odorless gas.
Boiling point	-68°F	Molecular weight	102.1
Freezing point/melting point	-212°F	Vapor pressure	15.8 atm at 70°F
Flash point		Vapor density	3.72
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	13.04 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2323
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (800/200 mg) [SKC 226-16]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	1.3-10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05-0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	NIOSH 6012 (fully validated)
Notes	Ship at 0°C
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	5 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (20 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	10 ppm (40 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	10 ppm [1992]	PEL-STEL	10 ppm (40 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	200 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sulfuryl fluoride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sulfuryl fluoride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sulfuryl fluoride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Calvert, G.M., et al.: Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers. Am. J. Public Health 88(12): 1774-1780, 1998.
Eisenbrandt, D.L. and Nitschke, K.D.: Inhalation toxicity of sulfuryl fluoride in rats and rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 12(3): 540-557, 1989.
Nuckolls, J.G., et al.: Fatalities resulting from sulfuryl fluoride: exposure after home fumigation - Virginia. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 36(36): 602-604, 1987.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Sulfuryl Fluoride. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2130-2132.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

O-CHLOROBENZYLIDENE MALONONITRILE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	2698-41-1
Formula	C₁₀H₅ClN₂
Synonyms	2-chlorobenzalmalonitrile; CS; OCBM

Physical Properties
Physical description	White crystalline solid with a pepper-like odor.
Boiling point	590-599°F	Molecular weight	187.6
Freezing point/melting point	203-205°F	Vapor pressure	0.00003 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	6.52
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0623
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference	OSHA Modified NIOSH Analytical Method (NIOSH P&CAM 304)
Notes	OSHA CSHOs please contact the SLTC prior to sampling.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)	TLV-C		PEL-C	0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m³)
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	2 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.005 mg/m³/0.1 mg/m³/25 mg/m³

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - O-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/30/2024

ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	26952-21-6
Formula	C₈H₁₈O
Synonyms	isooctanol; oxooctyl alcohol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, colorless liquid with a faint, pleasant odor.
Boiling point	367°F	Molecular weight	130.22
Freezing point/melting point	<212°F	Vapor pressure	0.4 mmHg
Flash point	180°F (open-cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.832	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.9% (calc)	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	5.7% (est)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	A635
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2033 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	50 ppm (270 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	50 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	50 ppm (270 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Isooctyl alcohol

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Isooctyl alcohol

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Isooctyl alcohol. 2017.

Last Updated Date : 01/28/2021

SODIUM AZIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	26628-22-8
Formula	N₃Na
Synonyms	azide; azium; sodium salt of hydrazoic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white, odorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	65.02
Freezing point/melting point	527°F (decomposes to sodium and nitrogen)	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.85	Ionization potential	11.70 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	S113
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Silica gel tube(150/75 mg) impregnated with NaOH, a pre-filter is used to collect particulate azide [SKC 226-55 & SKC 225-802]
Sampling time^*	5 min minimum
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	5 L minimum
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-211 (fully validated)
Notes	Keep samples refrigerated when not in transit. Ship samples overnight with cold-packs as soon as possible.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³) (as HN3), 0.3 mg/m³ (as NaN3)	TLV-C	0.29 mg/m³ (as Sodium azide), 0.11 ppm (as Hydrazoic acid vapor) [1992]	PEL-C	0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium azide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium azide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sodium azide. See annual publication for most recent information.
Chang, S. and Lamm, S.H.: Human health effects of sodium azide exposure: a literature review and analysis. Int. J. Toxicol. 22(3): 175-186, 2003.
Miljours, S. and Braun, C.M.J.: A neuropsychotoxicological assessment of workers in a sodium azide production plant. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 76(3): 225-232, 2003.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Sodium Azide. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2055-2057.
Shahidullah, M., et al.: Role of catalase in the smooth muscle relaxant actions of sodium azide and cyanamide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 435(1): 93-101, 2002.
Trout, D., Esswein, E.J., Hales, T., Brown, K., Solomon, G. and Miller, M.: Exposures and health effects: an evaluation of workers at a sodium azide production plant. Am. J. Ind. Med. 30(3): 343-350, 1996.
Weiss, J.S.: Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome due to sodium azide inhalation. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 68(6): 469-471, 1996.

Last Updated Date : 09/22/2022

PHORATE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

METHYL PARATHION

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CLOPIDOL†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLORPYRIFOS

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CYCLOPENTANE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIQUAT

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SULFURYL FLUORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

O-CHLOROBENZYLIDENE MALONONITRILE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SODIUM AZIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References