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THIONYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7719-09-7
Formula	Cl₂OS
Synonyms	sulfinyl chloride; sulfur chloride oxide; sulfurous dichloride; sulfurous oxychloride; thionyl dichloride

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to yellow to reddish liquid with a pungent odor like sulfur dioxide.
Boiling point	169°F	Molecular weight	119.0
Freezing point/melting point	-156°F	Vapor pressure	100 mmHg at 70°F
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.64	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction	W: Reacts violently or explosively with water.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	TLV-C	0.2 ppm [2009]	PEL-C	1 ppm (5 mg/m³)
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.2 ppm/2 ppm/10 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Thionyl chloride

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Thionyl chloride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Thionyl chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/13/2021

NITRIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7697-37-2
Formula	HNO₃
Synonyms	aqua fortis; spirit of niter; engravers acid; white fuming nitric acid (WFNA); red fuming nitric acid (RFNA); hydrogen nitrate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, yellow, or red, fuming liquid with an acrid, suffocating odor.
Boiling point	181°F	Molecular weight	63
Freezing point/melting point	-44°F	Vapor pressure	48 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.5	Ionization potential	11.95 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0, 1 (red fuming)	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1860
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 53 activated silica gel tube [Supelco 20265]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	96 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-165SG (partially validated)
Notes	Nitric and hydrobromic (HBr) acids may be submitted on the same sample (TWA only). For STEL samples, submit as a separate sample. Make sure that glass fiber filter plug is firmly in contact with silica gel before sampling and before sealing tube for shipment. Interferences: particulate acids and salts of an anion. Large quantities of any one of the analytes can result in masking of the peaks of other analytes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Nitric Acid 1/a, 6728311	Gastec 15L	Gastec 80	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-233S
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	10 or 20 strokes, approx 1-50 ppm range, uncertainty 16%	0.5-10 strokes, 0.05-40 ppm range, uncertainty 25% for 1 to 5 ppm, 16% for 5 to 20 ppm	2 strokes, 2.5-200 ppm range	follow mfr instructions, approx 1-20 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	2 ppm [1992]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	4 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL	4 ppm [1992]	PEL-STEL	4 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	25 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 1 ppm/10 ppm/78 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Nitric acid (other than red fuming)

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Nitric acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) – Nitric Acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Litovitz, T.L. et al.: 2001 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20(5): 391-452, 2002.
Murphy, CM, Akbarnia, H, and Rose, SR: Fatal pulmonary edema after acute occupational exposure to nitric acid. J Emerg Med. 39(1): 39-43, 2010.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Nitric Acid. September 1978.
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Nitric Acid. March 1976.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

N-ISOPROPYLANILINE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	768-52-5
Formula	C₉H₁₃N
Synonyms	N-IPA; isopropylaniline; N-(1-methylethyl)-benzenamine; N-phenylisopropylamine

Physical Properties
Physical description	Clear, yellowish liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor.
Boiling point	397°F	Molecular weight	135.21
Freezing point/melting point	-58°F	Vapor pressure	0.03 mmHg at 77°F
Flash point	190°F (open cup)	Vapor density
Specific gravity	0.93 at 60°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	A636
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	2 GFFs (37 mm) coated with sulfuric acid, in 3-piece cassette, separated by the ring section [SKC 225-9004]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	100 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 78 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	2 ppm (10 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	2 ppm [1990]	PEL-TWA	2 ppm (10 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - N-Isopropylaniline

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - N-Isopropylaniline

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - N-Isopropylaniline. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/05/2021

SODIUM METABISULFITE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7681-57-4; 7757-74-6
Formula	H₂O₅S₂.₂Na
Synonyms	disodium pyrosulfite; sodium metabisulphite; sodium pyrosulfite

Physical Properties
Physical description	White to yellowish crystals or powder with a slight odor of sulfur.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	190.1
Freezing point/melting point	>302°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.4	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	S112
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	AAS/AES
Method reference	OSHA ID-121 (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for sodium metabisulfite from sodium is 4.135. Analysis for this analyte is based on water solubility.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	5 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	5 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	5 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sodium metabisulfite

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sodium metabisulfite

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sodium metabisulfite. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

SULFURIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7664-93-9
Formula	H₂SO₄
Synonyms	battery acid; hydrogen sulfate; oil of vitriol

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to dark-brown, oily, odorless liquid.
Boiling point	554°F	Molecular weight	98.1
Freezing point/melting point	51°F	Vapor pressure	0.001 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	3.4
Specific gravity	1.84 (96-98% acid)	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction	W: Reacts violently or explosively with water.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2310
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-113 (partially validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample. Within 1 hour after sampling, transfer the filter to a clean screw cap vial. Phosphoric and sulfuric acid may be submitted on the same filter. Large quantities of any one of the analytes can result in masking of the peaks of other analytes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm). [AAWP03700]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Sulphuric Acid 1/a, 6728781	Gastec 35
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	100 strokes, 1-5 mg/m³ range, uncertainty 49%	10 strokes, 0.2-5 mg/m³ range, uncertainty 16% for 0.5-2 mg/m³, 8% for 3-5 mg/m³

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.2 mg/m³ (thoracic particulate matter) [2000]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	3 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	15 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-1, TLV-A2, NTP-K (All refer to strong and inorganic acid mists contianing sulfuric acid)		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 2 mg/m³/10 mg/m³/120 mg/m³

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Sulfuric acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Sulfuric acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Sulfuric acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
IARC Monographs Strong Acid Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid, 100-F, 2011 .
Lai, M.W., et al.: 2005 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poisoning and Exposure Database. Clinical Toxicology. 40: 803-932, 2006.
NTP Report on Carcinogens Strong Inorganic Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Sulfuric Acid. September 1978.
Suyama, Y., Takaku, S., Okawa, Y, Matsukubo, T.: Dental erosion in workers exposed to sulfuric acid in lead storage battery manufacturing facility. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 51(2):77-83, 2010.

Last Updated Date : 01/12/2021

AMMONIA†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7664-41-7
Formula	NH₃
Synonyms	anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. Often used in aqueous solution.
Boiling point	-28°F	Molecular weight	17
Freezing point/melting point	-107.9°F	Vapor pressure	8.5 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	0.6
Specific gravity	0.6818 at -28.03°F	Ionization potential	10.18 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	15%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	28%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	1
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0170
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Sulfuric acid impregnated carbon bead tube [Supelco 20036]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	24 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-188 (fully validated)
Notes	Known interferences with the ammonium ion by IC with the current conditions: Methyl- and dimethylamine, mono- and diethanolamine, iso- and propanolamine
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 3LA	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-105SC	Dräger - Ammonia 5/a, CH20501	Ammonia, 0.2-5 ppm range; Ammonia, 2-50 ppm range	Ammonia, 10-150 ppm range	Ammonia, 100-2000 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-2 strokes, 0.5-200 ppm range, 16.4% for 5-20 ppm, 8.2%; for 20-100 ppm uncertainty	10-260 ppm range, follow mfr instructions	10 strokes, 1-70 ppm range, 25% uncertainty

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	50 ppm (35 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	25 ppm (18 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	25 ppm (17 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	35 ppm (27 mg/m³)	TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	35 ppm (27 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	300 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 25 ppm/150 ppm/1500 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ammonia

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ammonia

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ammonia. See annual publication for most recent information.
ATSDR: Toxicological Profile for Ammonia. September 2004.
Holness, D.L., J.T. Purdham and J.R. Nethercott: Acute and chronic respiratory effects of occupational exposure to ammonia. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 50: 646-650, 1989.
NIOSH: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Ammonia. 1992.
Schulze, A et al.: Effects on pulmonary health of neighboring residents of concentrated animal feeding operations: exposure assessed using optimized estimation technique. Arch Environ Occup Health. 66(3): 146-154, 2011.

Last Updated Date : 03/28/2024

HYDROGEN FLUORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7664-39-3
Formula	HF (aqueous)
Synonyms	anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, HF-A

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas or fuming liquid (below 67°F) with a strong, irritating odor.
Boiling point	67°F	Molecular weight	20
Freezing point/melting point	-118°F	Vapor pressure	783 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density	1.86
Specific gravity	1	Ionization potential	15.98 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1460
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]
Sampling time^*	60 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	90 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1.5 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	22.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	1.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	ISE
Method reference	OSHA ID-110 (fully validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample (Particulate F- on MCEF, HF on impregnated backup pad). The filter and filter spacer reside in one section while the impregnated backup pad is in another section of a 3-piece polystyrene cassette. The filter and backup pad should not have physical contact with one another. When analysis of a compound is requested, an analysis is performed for fluoride (F-) and reported as the compound. Hydrogen fluoride is collected on a Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	3 ppm (2 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	3 ppm (2 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [2004]	PEL-TWA	0.4 ppm (0.33 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	1 ppm (0.83 mg/m³)
PEL-C		REL-C	6 ppm (5 mg/m³) [15 minutes]	TLV-C	2 ppm [2004]	PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2		Notes:		Notes: BEI®		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	30 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 2 ppm/20 ppm/50 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hydrofluoric acid, solution

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hydrogen fluoride

Literature References

EPA: Hazard Summary - Hydrogen Fluoride.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hydrogen Fluoride. See annual publication for most recent information.
ANSI (formerly United States of America Standards Institute): USA Standard Acceptable Concentrations of Hydrogen Fluoride and Inorganic Fluoride Dusts. November 9, 1966.
California Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board: Initial and Final Statement of Reasons. March 17, 2012.
Lund K et al Exposure to hydrogen fluoride: an experimental study in humans of concentrations of fluoride in plasma, symptoms, and lung function. Occup Environ Med 1997;54:32-37
NIOSH: Criteria for a Recommended Standard - Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Fluoride. March 1976.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Hydrogen Fluoride. September 1978.

Last Updated Date : 12/31/2020

PHOSPHORIC ACID†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7664-38-2
Formula	H₃PO₄
Synonyms	white phosphoric acid; orthophosphoric acid; metaphosphoric acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point	415°F	Molecular weight	98
Freezing point/melting point	108°F	Vapor pressure	0.03 mmHg
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.87 (pure) 1.33 (50% solution)	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2085
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) and filter spacer with Na₂CO₃ impregnated backup pad, in a 3-piece cassette [SKC 225-9001]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	30 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	2 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-111 (partially validated)
Notes	If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period. Within 1 hour after sampling, transfer the filter to a clean screw cap vial. Phosphoric and sulfuric acid may be submitted on the same filter; otherwise, submit as a separate filter. Large quantities of any one of the analytes can result in masking of the peaks of other analytes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm). [AAWP03700]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	1 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	3 mg/m³	TLV-STEL	3 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-STEL	3 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1000 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 3 mg/m³/30 mg/m³/150 mg/m³

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Phosphoric acid

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Phosphoric acid

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Phosphoric acid. See annual publication for most recent information.
Amin, W.M., Al-Omoush, S.A. and Hattab, F.N.: Oral health status of workers exposed to acid fumes in phosphate and battery industries in Jordan. Int. Dent. J. 51(3): 169-174, 2001.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Phosphoric Acid. September 1978.

Last Updated Date : 01/08/2021

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7647-01-0
Formula	HCl
Synonyms	anhydrous hydrogen chloride; aqueous hydrogen chloride; hydrochloric acid; muriatic acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to slightly yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor.
Boiling point	-121°F	Molecular weight	36.5
Freezing point/melting point	-174°F	Vapor pressure	40.5 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.27
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	12.74 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1430
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	ORBO™ 53 activated silica gel tube [Supelco 20265]
Sampling time^*	15 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.5 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA ID-174SG (partially validated)
Notes	Submit as a separate sample, however, hydrogen bromide can be analyzed from the same sample. The sample is analyzed for chloride (or bromide, if requested) and the result reported as the acid. Make sure that the glass fiber filter plug is firmly in contact with the silica gel before and after sampling. Report the presence of chloride (or bromide) salts to the analytical laboratory.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with Whatman smear tab. [WHA1450993]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Gastec 14L	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-173SB	Hydrochloric acid, 1-25 ppm range	Hydrochloric acid, 20-500 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	0.5-5 strokes, 0.05-76 ppm range, uncertainty 16.4% for 1-5 ppm, 8.2% for 5-20 ppm	follow mfr instructions, 0.4-40 ppm range		FES0000887

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.3 ppm (0.45 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C	5 ppm (7 mg/m³)	REL-C	5 ppm (7 mg/m³)	TLV-C	2 ppm [2000]	PEL-C	2 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-3, TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 3 ppm/20 ppm/150 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hydrogen chloride, anhydrous

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hydrogen Chloride

Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - "Hydrochloric acid.
EPA: Hazard Summary - Hydrogen Chloride.
ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hydrogen Chloride. See annual publication for most recent information.
Albert, R.E., A.R. Sellakumar, S. Laskin, M. Kuschner, N. Nelson and C.A. Snyder. 1982. Gaseous formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride induction of nasal cancer in rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 68(4): 597-603.
Brooks, S M; M A Weiss; I L Bernstein, Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Persistent asthma syndrome after high level irritant exposures CHEST.;88(3):376-384 1985.
EPA: Integrated Risk Information System - Hydrochloric Acid. 1985.
Gorguner, M., Aslan, S., Inandi, T. and Cakir, Z.: Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome in housewives due to a bleach-hydrochloric acid mixture. Inhal. Toxicol. 16(2): 87-91, 2004.
IARC: Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Mists from Strong Inorganic Acids. 2011.
Micric, M. and Plavec, D.: Risk of acute bronchospasm and bronchial hyperreactivity from inhaled acid aerosol in healthy subjects: randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Croat. Med. J. 45(6): 709-714, 2004.
NIOSH: Occupational Health Guideline for Hydrogen Chloride. September 1978.
Serrano, M. et al.: Airway-centered interstitial fibrosis related to exposure to fumes from cleaning products. Arch Bronconeumol. 42(10): 557-559, 2006.
Sellakumar, A.R., C.A. Snyder, J.J. Solomon and R.E. Albert. 1985. Carcinogenicity for formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 81: 401-406, 1985

Last Updated Date : 03/25/2024

ZINC CHLORIDE FUME†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7646-85-7
Formula	ZnCl₂
Synonyms	zinc dichloride fume

Physical Properties
Physical description	White particulate dispersed in air with an acrid odor. Zinc chloride is a white crystalline solid.
Boiling point	1350°F	Molecular weight	136.3
Freezing point/melting point	554°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.91 at 77°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2611
Sampling group	METALSSG-2
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (37 mm) [MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	ICP
Method reference	OSHA ID-125G (fully validated)
Notes	Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for zinc chloride from zinc is 2.084. The physical form of a sample (dust, mist, or fume) is identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements	For the entire suite of analytes listed in METALSSG-2, request analyte code 2587.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³	REL-TWA	1 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	1 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL	2 mg/m³	TLV-STEL	2 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-STEL	2 mg/m³
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	50 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-II		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Zinc chloride, anhydrous

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Zinc chloride fume

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Zinc chloride fume. See annual publication for most recent information.
Barceloux, D.G.: Zinc. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 37(2): 279-292, 1999.
Pettilä, V., Takkunen, O. and Tukiainen, P.: Zinc chloride smoke inhalation: a rare cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 26(2): 215-217, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Zinc chloride. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2354-2356.
Zerahn, B., et al.: Pulmonary damage after modest exposure to zinc chloride smoke. Respir. Med. 93(12): 885-890, 1999.

Last Updated Date : 10/10/2024

Group Sampling Information
Sampling Media	Sampling Time (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Sampling Volume (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)	TWA Flow Rate (If there are exceptions they will be in Notes)
mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF)	240-480 min	480-960 L	2 L/min

Analytes Sampling Information
Analytes	IMIS Code	Wipe Sampling	Incompatibilities
Iron*	I200	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium*	V125	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc*	Z100	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Chromium, Metal & Insoluble salts (as Cr)**	0685	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Hexavalent Chromium
Cobalt, Metal, Dust & Fume (as Co)	0720	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe	Tungsten
Copper Dust & Mists (as Cu)	0730	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Copper Fume (as Cu)	0731	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Iron Oxide Fume	1520	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Manganese, Compounds & Fume (as Mn)***	1620	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Molybdenum, Dust & Insoluble compounds, (as Mo)	1790	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Nickel, Metal, & Insoluble compounds (as Ni)	1840	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Vanadium, Respirable Dust & Fume	2571	Yes, with a Ghost Wipe
Zinc Oxide Fume	2610	Contact SLTC for information

Notes

Request any or all of these analytes together. Entire group can be requested with analyte code 2587.

Results for unrequested analytes in this group will be reported if significant amount are found.

There is no need to contact SLTC before sampling.

This analysis can be pre-analyzed gravimetrically if collected on a pre-weighted PVC filter obtained from SLTC.

*These 3 codes are used for bulk sample results in place of their metal oxides.

**Please note that this is NOT hexavalent chromium.

***For Manganese STEL take only a 10-30 L sample.

THIONYL CHLORIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

NITRIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

N-ISOPROPYLANILINE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SODIUM METABISULFITE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SULFURIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

AMMONIA†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HYDROGEN FLUORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

PHOSPHORIC ACID†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ZINC CHLORIDE FUME†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References