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HYDROGEN SULFIDE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7783-06-4
Formula	H₂S
Synonyms	hydrosulfuric acid; sewer gas; stink damp

Physical Properties
Physical description	Flammable, poisonous, colorless gas with a strong odor of rotten eggs.
Boiling point	-76.59°F	Molecular weight	34.08
Freezing point/melting point	-121.88°F	Vapor pressure	17.6 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	1.09
Specific gravity	0.916@76°F	Ionization potential	10.46eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	4.3%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	45%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1480	1480
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Silica gel coated with silver nitrate and a glass fiber filter treated with sodium carbonate/glycerol, 2, (200/200 mg) [SKC 226-177]; calibration adapter kit	Dräger X-am 5600 Multi-Gas Detector with a Dräger XXS H2S LC electrochemical sensor
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	12 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.05 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*	7.5 L (C), 5 L (Peak)
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*	0.05 L/min
Analytical method instruments	IC
Method reference	OSHA 1008 (fully validated)	OSHA 1028 (fully validated)
Notes	The sampling pump must be capable of maintaining a constant flow of 0.5 L/min with a back pressure of approximately 20 inches of water. The GFF filters are analyzed by a similar but modified procedure (NIOSH 6004) for SO₂ if requested.	Do not use this method when dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and any mercaptans are present
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chips	CMS Chip	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Dräger - Hydrogen Sulfide 1/d, 8101831	Gastec 4LL	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-120SD	Hydrogen sulfide, 0.2-5 ppm range; Hydrogen sulfide, 2-50 ppm range	Hydrogen sulfide, 20-500 ppm range	Hydrogen sulfide, 100-2500 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	1/10 strokes, 0.5-200 ppm range, approx 25% uncertainty	0.5 to 10 strokes, 0.1-120 ppm range, approx 8% uncertainty for 2.5-60 ppm	0.5/1 strokes, 0.5-60 ppm range

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	1 ppm [2009]	PEL-TWA	10 ppm (14 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	5 ppm [2009]	PEL-STEL	15 ppm (21 mg/m³)
PEL-C	20 ppm (C), 50 ppm (Peak) [10 min, once only, if no other measurable exposure occurs]	REL-C	10 ppm (15 mg/m³) [10 min]	TLV-C		PEL-C	50 ppm
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-2. OSHA Construction and Maritime Industries PEL is 10 ppm (15 mg/m³), as an 8 hr TWA. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	100 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.1 ppm/30 ppm/100 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Hydrogen sulfide

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hydrogen sulfide

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Hydrogen sulfide. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 11/01/2024

GERMANIUM TETRAHYDRIDE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7782-65-2
Formula	GeH₄
Synonyms	germane; germanium hydride; germanomethane; monogermane [Note: Used chiefly for the production of high purity germanium for use in semiconductors.]

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless gas with a pungent odor.
Boiling point	-127°F	Molecular weight	76.6
Freezing point/melting point	-267°F	Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	2.65
Specific gravity		Ionization potential	11.34 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	4
NFPA reactivity rating	3	NFPA special instruction	W: Reacts violently or explosively with water.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	0.2 ppm (0.6 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.2 ppm [1970]	PEL-TWA	0.2 ppm (0.6 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Germane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Germanium tetrahydride

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Germanium tetrahydride. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/29/2020

CHLORINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7782-50-5
Formula	Cl₂
Synonyms	molecular chlorine; bleach

Physical Properties
Physical description	Greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor.
Boiling point	-29°F	Molecular weight	70.9
Freezing point/melting point	-150°F	Vapor pressure	6.8 atm
Flash point		Vapor density	2.47
Specific gravity	1.424 at 59°F	Ionization potential	11.48 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	0	NFPA special instruction	OX: Possesses oxidizing properties
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0640	0640
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Dräger X-am 5600 Multi-Gas Detector with a Dräger XXS CL electrochemical sensor	Midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing sulfamic acid solution (0.1%) - Chlorine Sampling Solution [SLTC112SOL]; PTFE, 25 mm, 0.45 µm pore [SKC 225-17-04]; Polypropylene Support Pad, 25 mm, [SKC 225-2901], Conductive Polypropylene Cassette Blank, goblet style, black, 25 mm, [SKC 225-2257]
Sampling time^*	Up to 16 hours due to monitor datalogger capacity	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*		240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*		1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*		15 L
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*		1 L/min
Analytical method instruments		ISE
Method reference	OSHA 1030 (fully validated)	OSHA ID-101 (fully validated)
Notes	Note: Do not use this method when bromine, fluorine, chlorine dioxide or hydrogen sulfide are present.	Chlorine containing compounds, such as hypochlorites and trichloroisocyanuric acid, can act as positive interferences. If they are expected in the workplace, use a PTFE membrane/polypropylene cassette as a prefilter, followed by the midget fritted glass bubbler (MFGB) containing 15 mL 0.1% Sulfamic Acid for Chlorine Collection. PTFE prefilter does NOT need to be sent in to SLTC for Chlorine analysis.
Special requirements		These media are prepared by SLTC as needed and are not available for immediate shipment. Please allow time for SLTC to prepare these media prior to sampling.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method	Available

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube	Detector tube	CMS Chip
Model/Type	Matheson-Kitagawa 8014-109SB	Gastec 8LA	Chlorine, 0.2-10 ppm range
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	follow mfr instructions, approx 0.1-10 ppm range	0.5-5 strokes, 0.05-16 ppm range, uncertainty 16.4% for 0.5-2 ppm, 8.2% for 2-8 ppm

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (3 mg/m³) [Construction and Maritime Industries only]	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL	1 ppm (3 mg/m³)
PEL-C	1 ppm (3 mg/m³) [General Industry only]	REL-C	0.5 ppm (1.45 mg/m³) [15 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 The OSHA PEL for an 8 hr time-weighted average applies to Construction and Maritime Industries only. See 29 CFR 1926.55 Table 1 and 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	10 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 1 ppm/3 ppm/20 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Chlorine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Chlorine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Chlorine. See annual publication for most recent information.
Bhérer, L., Cushman, R., Courteau, J.P., Quévillon, M., Côté, G., Bourbeau, J., L'Archevéque, J., Cartier, A. and Malo, J.L.: Survey of construction workers repeatedly exposed to chlorine over a three to six month period in a pulpmill. II. Follow up of affected workers by questionnaire, spirometry, and assessment of bronchial responsiveness 18 to 24 months after exposure ended. Occup. Environ. Med. 51(4): 225-228, 1994.
Gautrin, D., Boulet, L.P., Boutet, M., Dugas, M., Bhérer, L., L'Archevéque, J., Laviolette, M., Côté, G. and Malo, J.L.: Is reactive airways dysfunction syndrome a variant of occupational asthma? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 93(1 Pt. 1): 12-22, 1994.
Kilburn, K.H.: Chlorine-induced damage documented by neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and pulmonary testing. Arch. Environ. Health 55(1): 31-37, 2000.

Last Updated Date : 02/23/2026

SELENIUM & COMPOUNDS†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7782-49-2
Formula	Se
Synonyms	elemental selenium; selenium alloy

Physical Properties
Physical description	Amorphous or crystalline, red to gray solid.
Boiling point	1265°F	Molecular weight	79.0
Freezing point/melting point	392°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	4.28	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2230
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Pre-assembled cassette with mixed cellulose ester filter (MCEF) 0.8 micron (25 or 37 mm) [MAWP025A0 or MAWP037A0]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	480-960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	AAS/AES
Method reference	OSHA ID-121 (fully validated)
Notes	Results are provided for the presence and amount or concentration of a specific element or elements. The stated identity of the actual sample contents (such as specific form, valence state, or compound) is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes.
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³	REL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³	TLV-TWA	0.2 mg/m³ [1992]	PEL-TWA	0.2 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	1 mg/m³
Carcinogenic classifications: EPA-D, IARC-3		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Selenium powder

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Selenium

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Selenium [7782-49-2] and compounds, as Se. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Selenium Compounds. US Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
Goldhaber, S.B.: Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 38(2): 232-242, 2003.
Kobayashi, Y., Ogra, Y., Ishiwata, K., Takayama, H., Aimi, N. and Suzuki, K.T.: Selenosugars are key and urinary metabolites for selenium excretion within the required to low-toxic range. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(25): 15932-15936, 2002.
Parnham, M. and Sies, H.: Ebselen: prospective therapy for cerebral ischaemia. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 9(3): 607-619, 2000.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Selenium. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2016-2018.
Vinceti, M., Wei, E.T., Malagoli, C., Bergomi, M. and Vivoli, G.: Adverse health effects of selenium in humans. Rev. Environ. Health 16(4): 233-251, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 01/11/2021

FLUORINE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7782-41-4
Formula	F₂
Synonyms	Fluorine-19

Physical Properties
Physical description	Pale-yellow to greenish gas with a pungent, irritating odor.
Boiling point	-307°F	Molecular weight	38
Freezing point/melting point	-363°F	Vapor pressure	>1 atm
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.5127 at -306.2°F	Ionization potential	15.70 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	0
NFPA reactivity rating	4	NFPA special instruction	W: Reacts violently or explosively with water. OX: Possesses oxidizing properties.
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1270
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes	Infrequently Requested Method - OSHA staff please contact SLTC before sampling 801-233-5100
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [2018]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C	0.5 ppm [2018]	PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	25 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.5 ppm/5 ppm/20 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Fluorine

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Fluorine

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Fluorine. See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Fluorine (soluble fluoride); CASRN 7782-41-4.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Fluorine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1164-1166.

Last Updated Date : 01/22/2024

CALCIUM SULFATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7778-18-9
Formula	CaSO₄
Synonyms	anhydrous calcium sulfate; anhydrous gypsum; anhydrous sulfate of lime; calcium salt of sulfuric acid

Physical Properties
Physical description	Odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid.
Boiling point	decomposes	Molecular weight	136.1
Freezing point/melting point	2840°F (decomposes)	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	2.96	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	C104 (total); request using analyte code 9135	C123 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	Samples collected for this compound are first analyzed gravimetrically. If the gravimetric result of a sample yields a concentration below the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the SLTC will report the calculated air concentration for the requested compound solely from the gravimetric result, qualified as less than or equal to the gravimetric result; no further work on the sample will be performed. If the gravimetric result indicates an air concentration greater than the PEL, the sample will proceed for elemental analysis. Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for calcium sulfate from calcium is 3.397.	Samples collected for this compound are first analyzed gravimetrically. If the gravimetric result of a sample yields a concentration below the permissible exposure limit (PEL), the SLTC will report the calculated air concentration for the requested compound solely from the gravimetric result, qualified as less than or equal to the gravimetric result; no further work on the sample will be performed. If the gravimetric result indicates an air concentration greater than the PEL, the sample will proceed for elemental analysis. Results will be reported from the elemental analysis for the element only; the stated identity of the actual sample contents is based on the assumption that the material sampled is as identified by the compliance officer using available documentation of materials and processes. An elemental result provided may be converted to the desired compound by multiplying the result by the appropriate stoichiometric factor. A 91B report specific to the compound (including the stoichiometric conversion) may by be provided upon request by contacting the laboratory. The stoichiometric factor for calcium sulfate from calcium is 3.397. The standard applies to the Respirable Fraction.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!!	Samples must be collected with a Dorr-Oliver cyclone.

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: as Particulates not otherwise regulated
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Calcium sulfate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Calcium sulfate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Calcium sulfate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 04/09/2024

DIMETHYL SULFATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	77-78-1
Formula	C₂H₆O₄S
Synonyms	dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid; dimethylsulfate; methyl sulfate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless, oily liquid with a faint, onion-like odor.
Boiling point	370°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	126.1
Freezing point/melting point	-25°F	Vapor pressure	0.1 mmHg
Flash point	182°F	Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.33	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	2
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0960
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Porapak Q tube (150/75 mg) [SKC 226-115]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FPD
Method reference	OSHA PV2147 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device	Detector tube
Model/Type	Dräger - Dimethyl Sulfate 0.005/c, 6718701
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)	200 strokes, 0.005-0.05 ppm range, uncertainty approx 50%

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	REL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.1 ppm [1985]	PEL-TWA	0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	7 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dimethyl sulfate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dimethyl sulfate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dimethyl sulfate. See annual publication for most recent information.
EPA Air Toxics Website: Dimethyl sulfate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances: Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester (RTECS # WS8225000).
Anonymous: Dimethyl sulfate. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 71(Pt. 2): 575-588, 1999.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dimethyl Sulfate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 939-941.
Schettgen, T., Broding, H.C., Angerer, J. and Drexler, H.: Dimethyl sulphate: a hidden problem in occupational medicine. Occup. Environ. Med. 61(1): 73-75, 2004.
Wang, Y., Xia, J. and Wang, Q.: Clinical report on 62 cases of acute dimethyl sulfate intoxication. Am. J. Ind. Med. 13(4): 455-462, 1988.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

ESTRONE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	53-16-7
Formula	C₁₈H₂₂O₂
Synonyms	aquacrine; crinovaryl; 1,3,5-estratriene-3-ol-17-one; erystogen; 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one; menagen

Physical Properties
Physical description	Solid white powder.
Boiling point		Molecular weight	270.37
Freezing point/melting point	489.2°F	Vapor pressure
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity		Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	E320
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	GFF Gelman Type A (37 mm) in 3-piece cassette no backup pad [SKC 225-706]
Sampling time^*	240 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	240 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA PV2001 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: NTP: Known human carcinogen (estrogen, steroidal)		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Not listed

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Not listed

Literature References

No Author: Estrogens, Steroidal . Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
de Ronde, W., Hofman, A., Pols, H.A.P. and de Jong, F.H.: A direct approach to the estimation of the origin of oestrogens and androgens in elderly men by comparison with hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 152(2): 261-268, 2005.
Kuiper, G.G.J.M., et al.: Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors α- and β-. Endocrinology 138(3): 863-870, 1997.
Loose-Mitchell, D.S. and Stancel, G.M.: Estrogens and Progestins (Chapter 58). In, Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th Ed. J.G. Hardman, L.E. Limbird and A.G. Gilman, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001, pp. 1597-1634.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Estrone. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1025-1027.
Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., et al.: Postmenopausal endogenous oestrogens and risk of endometrial cancer: results of a prospective study. Br. J. Cancer 84(7): 975-981, 2001.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

DICYCLOPENTADIENE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	77-73-6
Formula	C₁₀H₁₂
Synonyms	bicyclopentadiene; DCPD; 1,3-dicyclopentadiene dimer; 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene

Physical Properties
Physical description	A liquid with an acrid odor.
Boiling point	342°F	Molecular weight	132.2
Freezing point/melting point	92.5°F	Vapor pressure	1.4 mmHg
Flash point	90°F (open cup)	Vapor density	4.55
Specific gravity	0.98	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	0.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	6.3%
NFPA health rating	3	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0903
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	100 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	10 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.1 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	OSHA PV2098 (partially validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA	5 ppm (30 mg/m³)	TLV-TWA	0.5 ppm [2018]	PEL-TWA	5 ppm (30 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL	1 ppm [2018]	PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes:		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: Not listed		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 0.01 ppm/5 ppm/75 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dicyclopentadiene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dicyclopentadiene

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Dicyclopentadiene. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

AMMONIUM SULFAMATE†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	7773-06-0
Formula	H₃NO₃S.H₃N
Synonyms	ammate herbicide; ammonium aminosulfonate; AMS, monoammonium salt of sulfamic acid; sulfamate

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless to white crystalline, odorless solid.
Boiling point	320°F (decomposes)	Molecular weight	114.1
Freezing point/melting point	268°F	Vapor pressure	0 mmHg (approx)
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.77	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0185 (total); request using analyte code 9135	A111 (resp); request using analyte code 9130
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns [SLTC108]	Tared low-ash 37 mm PVC filter, 5 microns, preceded by 10 mm nylon Dorr-Oliver cyclone for respirable samples. [SLTC108]
Sampling time^*	240-480 min	240-480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L	816 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min	1.7 L/min ±5%
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
Method reference	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)	OSHA PV2121 (partially validated)
Notes	If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.	If the filter is not overloaded, samples can be collected up to an 8-hour period. If the net weight of the sample yields a concentration below the PEL after considering the associated SAE , the SLTC will perform no further work on the sample and the sample air concentration will be reported as the calculated gravimetric air concentration. If the net weight corresponds to an amount greater than the PEL value after considering the associated SAE, the sample may be analyzed for the applicable component and appropriate results will be reported.
Special requirements	FOR TOTAL DUST SAMPLES, DO NOT USE A CYCLONE!!

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	REL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)	TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes:		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes: See footnote [n].
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Ammonium sulfamate

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Ammonium sulfamate

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Ammonium sulfamate. See annual publication for most recent information.

Last Updated Date : 03/29/2024

HYDROGEN SULFIDE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

GERMANIUM TETRAHYDRIDE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CHLORINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

SELENIUM & COMPOUNDS†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

FLUORINE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

CALCIUM SULFATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DIMETHYL SULFATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

ESTRONE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

DICYCLOPENTADIENE

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References

AMMONIUM SULFAMATE†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References