GLYOXAL

Chemical Identification
CAS #	107-22-2
Formula	C₂H₂O₂
Synonyms	biformyl; ethanedial; 1,2-ethanedione; oxalaldehyde

Physical Properties
Physical description	Yellow prisms which turn white on cooling; soluble in anhydrous solvents. Often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor. Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Boiling point	124°F	Molecular weight	58.04
Freezing point/melting point	59°F	Vapor pressure	18 mmHg
Flash point	428°F	Vapor density	>1
Specific gravity	1.29	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments
Method reference
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [1999]	PEL-TWA	0.1 mg/m³
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	N
Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: dermal sensitization (DSEN)		Notes: See footnotes [s], this PEL applies to the sum of the exposures to the substance in the vapor state and from the particulate fraction specified in footnote [s] in this table.
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications: TLV-A4		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Glyoxal

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Glyoxal

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Glyoxal. See annual publication for most recent information.
World Health Organization (Kielhorn, J., Pohlenz-Michel, C., Schmidt, S. and Mangelsdorf, I.): Glyoxal (Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 57), 2004, approx. 61 pp.
Aalto-Korte, K., Mäkela, E.A., Huttunen, M., Suuronen, K. and Jolanki, R.: Occupational contact allergy to glyoxal. Contact Dermatitis 52(5): 276-281, 2005.
Miller, A.G., Smith, D.G., Bhat, M. and Nagaraj, R.H.: Glyoxalase I is critical for human retinal capillary pericyte survival under hyperglycemic conditions. J. Biol. Chem. 281(17): 11864-11871, 2006.
Uter, W., Schwanitz, H.J., Lessmann, H. and Schnuch, A.: Glyoxal is an important allergen for (medical care) cleaning staff. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 204(4): 251-253, 2001.
Xu, Y. and Chen, X.: Glycolase II, a detoxifying enzyme of glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal and a target of p63 and p73, is a pro-survival factor of the p53 family. J. Biol. Chem. 281(36): 26702-26713, 2006.

Last Updated Date : 01/31/2018

GLYOXAL

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References